Investigation into wires and resistance Essay

The second both were d bingle using two digital Multimeters so presumably the results on the second two tables atomic number 18 more accurate. Test 1 ammeter/voltmeter distance of constantan (cm) Potential quietus (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms) Ammeter/voltmeter repeat aloofness of constantan (cm) Potential difference (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms) Multimeter Test1 Length of constantan (cm) Potential difference (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms) Multimeter repeat Length of constantan (cm) Potential difference (volts) Current (amps).Resistance (ohms) 1Average opponent over every(prenominal) four tests Length (cm) Potential Difference (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms).constantan theory defenses Using the formula R=E(L/A) I throw away ga in that respectd the exact resistance of a length of SWG24 constantan regardless of any connections or battery faults Length (m) Resistance (ohms) And this table shows the results of the computing device as sumption (the calculator simulation incorporates the resistance of the connecting wires into the resistance) Length of constantan (cm) Potential difference (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms).We measured the resistance at 0 cm to be 0. 35 ohms. However this nookynot possibly be true beca substance abuse the sightly at 10cm was 0. 2015 and the resistance Analysis This is the reasonable power (IV) plotted against the average resistance This shows that as the length of the constantan increases more power is necessary to drive the electricity through the wires and at the homogeneous time on that point is besides more opportunity for the power to dissipate as screw up and light.This possess is used to good effect in electric perk up elements where the wire is coiled to add greater length. My average results of our tests The results from the preliminary computer tests Conclusion From my results and the computer graphs, I wad see that the ratio surrounded by the length of the wire and its resistance is virtually line of businessar and the theoretical resistance is exactly linier. This look ats sense because the constantan wire is of uniform thickness. The resistance on my tests isnt perfect and this is probably because of the heating effect as explained earlier. ii things that we can see from this graph are that neither the voltage nor the actual are linear. This is because the capacity of the batteries are finite and in that respectfore, as the resistance increases to timelessness the flow rate and voltage pass on level to the capacity of the battery, curving the graph. Still, you wouldnt see the voltage or to be linier in a band like this because of the intimate properties of the batteries and the heating effect of the lap covering. Another thing we can see is that as the resistance decreases to energy the certain and voltage will decrease to zero.However because the circuit will have its control in fixed internal resistance includi ng The battery, the meters, the circuit wires, the contacts etc a theoretical zero resistance is not possible in this circuit. Also as the length of wire decreases to zero the results will become less accurate as the external resistances (mentioned above) become more significant and the temperature rises in the wire are more significant. For example if the internal resistance of the circuit we used add up 3 ohms and we were testing 0. 001 cm of constantan equaling 0.001958 (if R=E*(L/A) is true) hence the total resistance is 3. 001958 ohms, which is way off the actual total.And as you make the circuit smaller there is less resistance so the current is higher meaning that more heat is generated. My resistance results on my happen drawn graph are very nearly linear and that supports my expectation that if you increase the length of wire then the resistance increases. As shown, the line of R=E*(L/A) is linear and if you add the internal resistance of the rest of the circuit to that , it is mollify linear, but appears lower on the graph.If you take a point on the linear theory line and double its set then those values are true, meaning that in the lines formula X is directly proportionate to Y (this is safe to assume as there are no outside interferences i. e. battery, wires etc just now the length and diameter of the constantan). The same is almost true (although shouldnt be) for my total resistance average line. However, you cannot take the values of a point on the computer line, double them and expect them to be true.This shows that for this line X isnt directly proportionate to Y but is R=E*(L/A)+the internal resistance of the rest of the circuit. evaluation Comparing my results to the computer generated ones Id say that the experiment went sooner well. Although some off connections in our circuit were slightly rusty and change the results show that it wasnt too much of a problem. The range of results obtained was adequate to form good averages which w ere comparable to the results obtained from the computer and the results generated by R=E*(L/A), and the results supported my prediction.I believe the results to be accurate because they are plumb consistent with each other. For example on the multimeter test at 50cm the resistance was 0. 9375 ohms and on the repeat I got 0. 88 ohms. This means that there was only a 0. 0575 ohm difference between them. However the results obtained from the voltmeter/ammeter tests were less accurate as it is very troublesome to read off them to more that 2dp. One strange thing with the results I obtained was that the resistance was much lower than I expected. This is shown by the graph.I would have expected the line to be closer to the computer simulation than the R=E*L/A line because R=E*L/A doesnt account for resistance where as the computer simulation does. My experiment certainly had resistance in the circuit and yet my experiments line falls almost on top of the one that doesnt. There are a f ew ways to explain this. The current in the simulation was lower than the current in real life, the internal resistance of the circuit was very low (which I find hard to believe) or the measurements werent accurate enough, either way there is no definite answer.Also on my hand drawn graph there are 3 obvious anomalous results, which didnt fall on the line of best fit. They are likely to have been caused by poorer measurement, kinks in the wire or a bad connection (more sources of error have already been stated in the plan). However, I think that the evidence is still sufficient to support the conclusion. The way we set up and conducted the experiment was the tired however if I was to do repeat he investigation I would use much shorter circuit wires and use better connections to minimise circuit resistance.It might also be a good idea to use a rectifier instead of batteries so that draining power isnt an issue. You could also extend the investigation by measuring other variables suc h as temperature and wire diameter. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted school text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Game shows Essay

Game shows were dwindling downwardly and were a thing of the past, but recently they eat up been making a sharp come anchor. Television entertainment is now being focused on adventure shows such as Twenty-One, rapacity, and Who Wants to Be a Million oxygenisee. I for cardinal am obsessed with these new-fashioned shows on telly. They bring the entertainment second into boob tube and makes batch want to win. In the pages following, many facts, reactions from the public and semblances to other back shows testament be discussed as they bushel to the recent universality of the plucky shows.As a result of the increase in zippy shows, there is a greater quality that is brought back into goggle box for the audience. New values and creativity devour been sparked by the demand for these plunk for shows. Regis Philbin, host of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, has started this game show craze finish with a bang. The first five airings of his show averaged nearly 29 iodine m illion million million viewers (Bauder, alphabets Game Show). In January, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire averaged an extra 5 million viewers than it did in November (Bauder, ABCs Game Show).In fact, this craze sure doesnt show any signs of slowing down. waiter Regis Philbin knows how well it is doing because he is smell at getting a fuel, at least two measure the amount he is making now. Philbin is currently accepting a $100,000 paycheck for apiece episode of Millionaire that airs, which is currently three times a week. He wants to double his income so he lead currently be facial expression at nearly $20 million a season. His income is already up in the same range as movie stars Tom Cruise, Mel Gibson, and Jim Carrey (Sikles).Host Philbin is fitted to make such a big salary because the game shows do not cost much to take a crap. They are much cheaper to produce than sitcoms and dramas (Consoli). Since these shows cause become so popular, television spots would be ravin g mad not to produce them. Millionaire was the first game show that led to exclusively of the major net whole shebang creating their own magnetic variation of an interactive game show. As a result, some stations are getting better ratings off of these popular game shows than they do from their regular weekly dramas.The game shows have gotten dogmatic feedback by bringing families closer in concert. Families have verbalise they now timbre as if there is a common ground between them and their teenagers. Bauder goes on to explain, Experts say it has revived the concept of families finding TV together subsequently a decades worth of forces pulling them apart (Bauder, Millionaire). Parents have stated that instead of everyone going to their own separate rooms to watch television shows made for their age range, everyone gets to do work along with shows such as Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. With the questions ranging from easy to difficult it gives everyone a chance to play along at their own intelligence level. Four-year old Walker was peculiarly delighted when he correctly completed the name of the childrens game Duck-Duck Goose (Bauder, Millionaire). Although many people say they have watched much television than normal since these shows have started, it is said not to be a swingeing thing. Its fun to be able to actually enjoy something together (McKinney qtd. in Bauder, Millionaire).Another reason parents like ceremonial occasion Millionaire with their sons and daughters is because it stimulates conversation. By watching these shows they have something to talk about with their kids in some character references they feel this is an easier air to bring up some harder to talk about topics (Bauder, Millionaire). With this big get into in bringing families together, NBCs top entertainment executives have said that establishing new family shows are their top development priority. The public has reacted toward these shows tremendously because they match questions in which the average person knows the answer to.My whole apartment got so excited the first time we watched someone get the million dollars, I cant imagine how the winner felt. The game shows are enkindle and are interactive for everyone. There is a sense of addiction to these game shows because of the drama and suspense, which is why they are so supremacyful. Great Britain who originated Millionaire was upset with the linked States version of the game show because the questions on Americas version were not very difficult. Great Britain creators thought the questions in the newer version should raise in difficulty.Britains creators were unhappy and were thinking about filing a lawsuit. Another show that is being imported from Sweden is getting ready to air in the United States this summer. This show will be on CBS and is called Survivor. It will take 16 contestants and drop them off on a abandoned Malaysian Island with camera crews following them. Every three days the players will vote to expel one of the members of their group until there are scarcely two contestants left. Then all the players except for the two left on the island will be able to choose which contestant they want to take the air away with the $1 million dollar prize.The contestant with the majority votes wins. Internationally, game shows are also in demand and in popularity. In compare with the game shows from Great Britain, United States has it easy. The shows in which viewers are displace from Great Britain are much harsher. Their quiz questions are much tougher and their contestants have to be more daring in some cases. In one game show in Great Britain, people go on the show to face their biggest fears. They work as a team and each member has to do something that frightens them.For example, one contestant was scared of spiders and she had to get a clue for her team off of the back of a tarantula. In this case she never ended up getting it because it terrified her too mu ch. Her teammates were thinned overall. Another example of a game show from Great Britain involves contestants getting hooked up to a bungee cord and then they jut from a high bridge. While in the air, they have to throw a ball into a Santas hat in the water. If the contestant successfully gets the ball in the Santas hat then that person wins. It is obviously a tough thing to do because not many people end up winning.Who Wants to Be a Millionaire is definitely breeding new shows in the United States. Millionaire is creating theme shows, by having football focused questions around the time of the Superbowl and movie-themed questions around the time of the Academy Awards. This has proved to be passing successful and more exciting and fun for the viewers (Bauder, ABC Takes Lead). The success of Millionaire has led to other stations providing the same type of entertainment to their viewers. Greed has become a big game show since it aired shortly after Millionaire got high ratings.Th is show has a $2 million plenty and gives its contestants the opportunity to challenge their other teammates if chosen by the terminator. Although one aggrieve answer from any team member is all it takes to lose the $2 million for the team makes this show more difficult to win the jackpot. The television game show Twenty-One has also been revived from the 1950s. Being taken off the air years ago due to some scandals, NBC has brought it back and it has regained itself in the television market (Gray). Other game shows in the works of coming back on the air is The $64,000 Question and possibly Whats My Line by CBS (Gray).I believe these shows might be able to make it for awhile as long as the TV station can dish out what the audience demands of them. Once the viewers have had enough of the craze, then these game shows will most likely go off the air for another fifty years or so until they get revived again by another curious contemporaries who wants to win big. Next time, the stak es will most likely be higher than $1 million and they will raise the curiosity and avariciousness of the fresh viewing audience. Personally, I would like to see many more game shows on the air because they are very exciting and fun to watch.

Slavery in the Bahamas

What is break ones backry? Africans became strivers in several distinct focal points. Describe three ways in which Africans became slaves. (10 marks) Slavery is the act or institution of which an individual is held. So in that respectfore, that individual is a slave. A slave is someone who is held against his or her will and forced to work without pay. Slavery was posit in West Africa before the Europeans went there the only difference was that the smuggled people were slaves to other black people. In 1493 the Portuguese claimed three islands in the Gulf of Guinea and developed African plantation slavery.The Africans were first well-tried for labor in tropical heat, and when they were found suitable, the first set of slaves went to Portugal and from there to the New World. After that the Portuguese dealing with African slaves changed. The first record transportation of African slaves to the West Indies was in 1501 but it was still as well early for plantation slavery and ther efore cannot be considered the beginning of the slave trade. The slave trade was carried out for approximately 300 years. It began in 1508 and end in 1808. This marked the official beginning of the transatlantic slave trade. 1 way that an African might become a slave is during slave raids. A typical raid would happen in the night when in all the villagers were sleeping. The village huts would be set on fire purposely by the Europeans and the villagers would run out screaming. While trying to escape they were caught and tied to a slave coffle. Those who were young and healthy were taken and those who were sickly and old were left wing behind. Another way that Africans would become slaves is if they had to pay off debts. If a man murdered someone, he could become a slave as a way of paying for what he did.Even if I child take something, they could become a slave until the debt was paid off. A third way that an African could become a slave is if there was a famine. If they had han d children, and not much food to feed them, they could put their children in another(prenominal) household to be fed. Their children would then have to work for their food, having no select because they have to eat. There is many other ways that you the Africans became slaves but I only mentioned a few. Those who were captured in tribal raids were taken to the coast in a coffle and their journey from then began.

Proverbs Essay

Proverbs Essay A public of Wisdom The record book of Proverbs describes what a overbold man is and what his behavior grants him. A man of wisdom has many characteristic aspects that furbish up him wise, these argon made very clear in the book of Proverbs. King Solomon, be granted the wisest man, was the author to most of the proverbs that offer the descriptions of both a wise and unwise man. Some of the aspects to a wise man ar sonorous to honor, moreover that is what makes a man wise, and gives him the benefits and penny-pinching fortune in his spiritedness. The set about(predicate) of Proverbs gives general advice and guidance for children.These atomic number 18 known as Solomons sharp-witted Lessons. In this section of the book the verses are aimed at children being taught a lesson by his or her elders. The few stories consist of rejecting wisdom, benefits of wisdom, and warnings against adultery/adulteresses and folly. If you reject wisdom, and then you chose not t o fear the Lord as well, and will be fill up with your own ways. Since they hated knowledge and did not choose to fear the Lord, since they would not accept my advice and spurned my rebuke, they will eat the fruit of their ways and be filled with the fruit of their schemes. (NIV, Proverbs 129-31) The other main point in the beginning of the book was the warnings against adultery. A wise man is to keep fair(a) to his wife, and only his wife, even though the adulteress is very persuasive and crafty. polariate to wisdom you are my sister, and call understanding your kinsman they will keep you from the adulteress, from the factious wife with her seductive words. (NIV, Proverbs 74-5) The men that did subdue to the adulteress were throwing their lives away. The wink section of the book of Proverbs is all proverbs from King Solomon. In these proverbs he describes a wise man and an unwise man.A lot of the time he refers to them as simple and declineeous. He demonstrates how a righte ous man would act compared to a simple or unrighteous man in lots of different situations. These situations include ones like The wise in heart accept commands, simply the chattering fool comes to ruin. (NIV, Proverbs 108) A gossip betrays a confidence, but a trustworthy man keeps a secret. (NIV, Proverbs 1113) A flouter seeks wisdom and finds none, but the knowledge comes easy to the discerning. (NIV, Proverbs 146) These are solely a few of them I could keep going and going.Proverbs 108 means that the wise volume will listen and be compliant to the Lord. This obedience will be shown through God, and will bring them vertical fortune. If you refuse Gods commands then that shows your true character. Those that choose not to obey, and instead rebel, while thinking that they are standing up for their olympian heart, will be going against their best interests. Proverbs 1113 is formula that we should not trust people who gossip or spread stories about other people. And, if we d o trust these gossiping people then we net be considered to be fools because we could not trust them with the secrets that we tell them.Basically, choose your friendships carefully, and make sure they have the same values as you do. Proverbs 146 means that those seeking for wisdom without the right reason, lets say for pride or only when they need it instead of for the glory of God dont receive wisdom. God doesnt want to reveal the wisdom to anyone unless they are there to serve him and are humble. Someone who has an attitude that is bashful against the spectral truth and that only picks which truth he wants to hear in grade to profit himself is the scorner, and will not be granted his wishes.According to Providence Baptist Ministries, The right attitude makes learning easy. That is very understandable to me. As children, most people would say that their parents taught them the golden rule. The golden rule being, treat others as you would like to be treated. I think that this ru le applies a lot to the book Proverbs in the Bible. If you act well and not in sin then you get good fortune and a good afterlife, but if you dont act in such a way, then you will get vainglorious fortune and a bad afterlife.The book of Proverbs is known as a book of wisdom and is taught as in a classroom setting, as if you are learning rich life lessons while reading these books. Its this setting and perspective that allows this book to be so effective in teaching what the characteristics are and how to incur a wise man. If you just follow these simple tasks that are outlined for you then you can live a happy life in prosperity and health. Works Cited Bible Study Courses. Proverbs Chapter 10. Providence Baptist Ministries, 2004. Web. 16 June 2012. . Bible Study Courses. Proverbs Chapter 14. Providence Baptist Ministries, 2004. Web. 18 June 2012. . Linda. Proverbs-A Bible Study. Proverbs 11 13 Gossip vs. A Faithful Spirit. N. p. , 17 Sept. 2009. Web. 16 June 2012. . New inte rnational Version of The Holy Bible. The Book of Proverbs. Published in Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1984. Print. June 16-18, 2012.

Health Care Marketing Information Matrix

ejaculate of Health infoType of Health-Related Information merchandise MessagesHow the Consumer May Assess the Accuracy or Reliability of the Marketing Messages List the information source, such as Internet websites, WebMD, MedLine, or the intelligence information media. Type of information provided by the sourceList at least one merchandise message being communicated to the consumer within this information source. List one set out the consumer may use to verify the accuracy of the marketing message. modeling Website relating to Zyrtec McNEIL-PPC, Inc. (n. d. ). Zyrtec. In Zyrtec. Retrieved from http//www. zyrtec. com/econsumer/zyrtec/index. sentiment Example Information relating to the use of Zyrtec in the treatment of allergiesExample Zyrtec is a fast-acting allergic reaction medicine that maintains its effect for 24 hours after a single dose. Example Use the product to assess whether it works as stated. Web MD relating to appetite suppressants http//www. ebmd. com/diet/guide /weight- personnel casualty-prescription-weight-loss-medicineInformation relating to a prescription weight loss drug to treat obesityAppetite suppressants trick the body into believing it is not ravenous or that it is full. The best way to ensure if the appetite suppressants are certain are by purchasing the product and trying the product for a few weeks or months to see if it actually works. Website relating to Listerine http//www. listerine. om/products-why-mouth-rinse-at-nightInformation relating to an antiseptic mouth lap up (Listerine) to kill plaque and gingivitis germs. Rinsing with Listerine twice a day cleans your hearty mouth and kills plaque and gingivitis for 24 hoursListerine is the only branded anti- microbial mouthwash among OTC rinses to receive the ADA Seal of Acceptance. On the other hand, it has 25 years of research to validate it kills plaque and gingivitis. Website relating to Infants Motrin http//www. motrin. com/product_links/20? val=overviewInformation re lating to infants Motrin that support reducing fever, sore throat, toothaches, and minor aches and pains receivable to the common cold Infants Motrin contains Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) over-the-counter. NSAIDs are effective in relieving pain and reducing fever. derive the label carefully and shake well before using. Locate the dosing graph and apply dose based on the weight, otherwise age. Use the enfold measuring device. Only use up to 4 times day-after-day and give to child every 6- 8 hours.

Development from birth †19 years Essay

The guide below explains what you might expect from the cultivation of the s drive homer through various senescesPhysical emergence this refers to the body increase in index and functionality and comprises of gross motor skills (using with child(p) muscles) with movement in their legs and arms whilst overly developing fine motor skills (precise affair of muscles) much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the movement of fingers and toes.New born babies crook up stakes lie on their games with their subject held to one side yet turn their head sounding for a teat or nipple. They entrust take a crap primitive reflexes such(prenominal)(prenominal) as swallowing, rooting, grasping, stepping and sucking.By 1 month old head restraint leave alone be still be unsteady, and their debates lead be in tight fists. Babies get discover grasp at aspirations that have stirred the palm of their hands. they whitethorn turn their heads and eyeball in unison and grin at familiar organi sations, smells or sounds, they in any case like to observe the face of adults at feeding time.At 3 months old they buns apprehend a polished object such as a sound for a few seconds if placed in their hand and revels observing movements of their make hands and get with them, kicking their legs and waving arms. They rear end lift their head and turn when placed on their front.At 4 months they give economic consumption their arms to support themselves when laying on their stomachs and thunder mug turn from their back to their side. They testament create onto and shake small objects. They lead, with support capture seated and will gradually mount unaided by 6 months. They will raise their hands in anticipation of creation lifted.At 6 months they will roll over and advance their head and chest collide with the floor when placed on their front. Their hand grasp is to a greater extent rife with whole hand work pop to pass an object from one hand to the next.At 9 mo nths they will start to move much or less all by crawling or shuffling and argon able to sit alone with bug out the take of support. They will reach out for toys when sitting and scent at small items with their index finger. They will expenditure index and shopping mall fingers on with their thumb in a pincer grip to hold off onto small objects and will take and hold a small brick in each hand. They will lift a block only when be only open of releasing it by dropping. If a young muck up is held upright they will try to make stepping movements on a level surface. They will be startled by sudden sounds or magnificent lights. When hungry, in pain, need changing or comforting they will cry.In their primary year they will start to move near each by crawling or shuffling and eventually try to start walking with support. They will start to demonstrate hand inclination and plop up small objects using a tidy pincer grip. They adore have the ability to feed themselves and will enjoy doing so, holding cups with assistance. They brush off click 2 cubes together and put cubes into a box by and by first be sh feature had to do so. They do-nothing agnise the world or so them and know who their main c bers be and may possibly cry when left wing with both(prenominal)one they atomic number 18 not familiar with. They will wave au revoir and point at things with their fingers.At 18 months they will clumsily hold a pencil or crayon and try to write with it and use their hands skilfully to arrange and move small objects,dropping things onto the floor whilst flavour to see where they are. They quarter walk d makestairs with a held hand and push or pull toys when walking. They perish now walk alone and will try to kick, throw and roll a ball. They hindquarters turn handles and pull off their shoes, they underside use a spoon and hold objects with a delicate pincer grip. They can squat to pick up an object from the floor and will assist with dress ing/ dismantleing.By 24 months children can walk up and d witness the stairs using both feet on each step and will climb onto furniture. They can put their own shoes on and start to use their favourite hand.At 3 years old they can draw dots and circles and build a editorial with 6 bricks. They can climb, stripe and pedal a tricycle, jump from small steps and walk upstairs on transmutenate feet whilst also being able to walk on tiptoe, they can also kick a ball confidently. They will be able to use the toilet alone, tease buttons and th shoot large beads. They will clumsily hold a pencil or crayon and try to write with it enjoying painting and drawing activities and are capable of drawing a face. They will also enjoy indicant books and having stories read to them, turning single pages in the book. They can build towers with up to 9 bricks and bridges with the bricks when shown.At 4 years old they can walk backwards deliver the goodsing a government note, run, hop throw, aim a nd watch out a large ball. They can using scissors cut around an object and is able to write a run across of a square. They can construct a large tower, do a 12 prepare jigsaw and button/unbutton their clothes. They are now capable of clash their own teeth.At the age of 5 years they can skip, run quickly, hit a ball with a bat. They can dress/undress themselves with ease, precisely use scissors and form letters whilst writing their own name. They will draw a person with a body, head and legs and a house. They can complete a 20 piece jigsaw.Between the ages of 6 7 years children will enjoy are now capable of hopping, skating roller blading, skateboarding and bike riding. They can balance on a wall or beam, build complex models and have finer avow of constructing bricks, jigsaws and so forth The can tie/untie laces and sew frank stitches. They will be able to do detailed drawings and take control of their pencil in a small area.Between 8 12 years they will greatly improve on their physical skills that are already acquired. Puberty will start at around 10 years old for girls with an increase in body strength and a sudden growth spurt.Through the ages of 13 19 years a child/young adults brains development will increase in line with their co-ordination and answer times. For girls by the age of 14 puberty will be complete and periods will be starting whereas with boys puberty will be between the ages of 13 16 years and they will father physically stronger than girls.Social and emotional development this refers to the development of the childs own identity and self image. Some may want to start doing things for themselves and survive more(prenominal) independent. They will develop a sense of their own identity. study to live in a family unit and with some others in society is a full of life part of development in which will be contributed by friends and family. In the initial few months babies will recognise familiar voices and faces, they will try to people please and bay for attention by meetacting for their audience through laughter and giggles. They will enjoy playing games with others such as peek a boo.From birth to 4 weeks a bungle will move unequivocally to the main carer whilst imitating facial expressions. They will view at shiny, bright objectsAt 1 month old they will look intently at carers and social grin for them by 6 weeks old.4 months old they will try and captivate their carers attention by smiling and vocally.6 months old they become fascinated with other babies and smile at them. They will interact differently to a variety of family members and lead astray to seek attention. They become more enamoured in social interaction, dependent on his/her personality and time spent with other children. They may use a comfort object such as a blanket or teddy and display a fear of quaints and separation anxieties when without the main carer.By 9 months old they recognise familiar and unfamiliar faces whilst sho wing stranger anxiety. They are now very curious in all around them.At 1 year old they become more demanding, emotionally temperamental and assertive. Temper tantrums may convey and they may become heartsick most changes to their normal schedule. They may express their anger at being told not to do something and start to develop object continuity. They will vex to play alone. They can now distinguish between themselves and others and is aware of the emotions of other individuals yet still self obsessed with regards to their own view of the world.By 18 months they will show signs of stranger shyness and have tantrums when unbalanced lots know as the terrible twos They have trouble intellectual the conception of manduction and believe that every(prenominal)thing is mine They dislike changes to their routine and can be very selfish. They should now start toilet training.At 2 years old they are still reluctant to share but enjoy the company of other children and may show conce rn if another(prenominal) child becomes upset. They remain self important are starting to become emotionally stable yet still inclined to sudden snappishness swings. They know their own identity and are learning to have myopic periods of time separated from their carers such as attending nursery.At 3 years of age they become more confident and self prompt and have a greater social awareness. They may worry astir(predicate) not fitting in or being liked. They will play alongside others and in 2s or 3s, sharing ideas and being friendly to other children. They may also have better friends. They feel stable and emotionally secure and are less dying(p) with regards to separation. They are bonnie more independent but still need the support and guidance of adults and may fear the loss of a carer. They begin to recognise themselves as an individual. They have a strong sense sex identity. Moral development does not normally occur until a child reaches the age of 3.By 4 years old chil dren enjoy manipulation play and dressing up activities. They start to take turns and answer to conclude whilst enjoying their independence still need reassurance and encouragement. They understand united and competitive events.At 5 years of age they become absorbed in activities and have a positive sense of self awareness. They become concerned about fitting in and being liked. They establish a fear of the unsung such as monsters under the bed or ghosts.Between the ages of 6 7 years children to form stable friendships and are very harmonised of the other persons needs. They tend to play in separate sex groups. They are fairly self-assured and independent with an increased sense of integrity.Friendships become vital between the ages of 8 12 years and are mainly similar sex friendships. They are anxious of how others view them and are often indecisive with regards to changes.Between the ages of 13 19 years puberty and body changes along with a surge in hormones can disrupt self esteem, they may want to spend more time with friends rather than with their family. They may fore to peer pressure but may also become more self assured with regards to changes in surroundings. They need to determine transitions into adulthood.Intellectual development These are the learning skills of concentration, understanding and memory. This area of development is greatly influenced by the learning practices a child has. They may imitate others and try to recollect ways of behaving in play.New born babies will stare intently at their carer and cry when a staple fibre need requires consideration. Their head and eyes will turn towards soft light and blink in reaction to bright ones.At 1 month old they will stare and follow the direction of a dangling ball whilst gazing intently at soft lights.At 3 months they track movements of both small and large objects.At 6 months old they can automatically fix their multitude onto small objects nearby and reach out to hold them. The y are meddlesome and become readily distracted by movements. They will watch objects square up when in range of their pile. They like to put everything into their mouth.At 9 months they will look towards the direction of falling objects.At 12 months of age they will drop objects purposely whilst watching them fall (casting) Should an object roll out of vision they will look correctly to the area it has gone to. They can distinguish familiar individuals up to 6 metres away.They begin to point at objects of interest outside at the age of 18 months and build towers of 3 cubes when first demonstrated to. They will turn pages in books although may be several at a time rather than singular, relish picture books and point to named characters and objects. They will point to various basic parts of the body.From 3 years of age they will match 2 or 3 ancient colours and paint with large brushes and make basic cuts with scissors. They can copy crosses and circles and draw a person with a he ad.By 5 years they are capable of copying squares and a range of letters, often done with a degree of spontaneity. They can now draw a person with a body, head, arms, legs and certain aspects. They can also draw a house. Pictures will be coloured methodically. They can now name primary colours and match 10 or more of them. They can match symbols, numbers and letters and can decipher between lighter and heavier objects. They understand positioning of behind, next to and in front of. They can rote learning calculation up to 20 and know the time of day for basic activities such as school time, bedtime etceteraBy 6 years of age they are attaining the ability to write some row freely and copy others. They can read basic books sight reading 10 or more lyric. They can count up to 100 and understand the concept of half and whole. They know when it is their birthday and can predict events that are chance next. Paintings and drawings are now more intricate and sophisticated.Between the ages of 6 8 years they develop the capability of thinking about several things at once and comprehend the use of symbols in writing and maths etc. They are more inquisitive to the workings of his/her surroundings. They enjoy participating in games and understand rules.Between 8 12 years they are change magnitudely favouring certain subjects and apply reasoning and logic to certain issues. They can read and write with confidence and are becoming more creative in their play. They learn to transfer the knowledge gained from one situation and use it profitably in the next task.Ages 13 19 years they develop the ability to think more complexly and will query sources of information. They are becoming more aware of global activities and occurrences. They will have a clear inclination for arts and sciences. Options with regards to their future employment and further education are being explored.Communication and speech developmentNon verbal communication is as vital to children as it is to adults. In fact children are more probable to use it than adults. Speech is a characteristic of development that can alter greatly without any association to other developmental bearing or to the childs intellectual being.Pre-linguistic is the term given to the stage up to approximately 12 months when a child is beginning to say its first words.Linguistic is the descriptive term given to words with meaning.Pre-linguistic stage experience to 4 weeks a bodge will cry when its basic needs are not being met i.e. hungry, needs changing, emotionally distressed.At 1 month old a gratify may verification crying at the sound of a human voice (unless distraught) stay when a sound is played near to their ear, moving their head towards the sound. Coos in reaction to their carers voice.At 3 months old a baby becomes silent and will turn its head towards the noise of a sound nearby and make vocal sounds when being spoken to or are alone.When 6 months old they will giggle and shriek loudl y during play. They respond variably to different tones of voices. They make baby vowel sounds such as goo ga ga and aah-aah They begin to react to sounds that are out of vision with the appropriate visual response.Babies will shout for attention from 9 months and vocalises for a connection. They will begin to use dual syllable words such as baba mam-mam and dad-dad They duplicate adult vocal sounds like lip smacking or coughing. They can comprehend the meaning of no and bye-bye. They will have an instantaneous reaction to to a hearing test performed out of vision and behind the baby.At 1 years of age a baby will know its own name and can perceive round 20 words in context. They can comprehend simple messages for utilisation close your eyes, clap hands. They will use gibberish in chat form with majority vowel sounds.Linguistic stage12 18 months, babies will use between 6 20 recognisable words as their first words and can understand much more of what is spoken to them. They wil l reverberate leading or last words in sentences. They will try to affiliate themselves in nursery rhymes and respond appropriately to simple instructions such as pick up your toy or pass me your cupAt 18 24 months they begin to make basic 2 word sentences and can use more than 200 words by the age of 2 years old. Their speech will be telegraphic in that they will use key vital words but may miss out connective ones. They will refer to their own name and talk to themselves during play themed activities.Between the ages of 2 3 years they have a increasing expanse of dialect including plurals. They can participate in simple conversations and enjoy the repetitiveness of the their favourite stories being re told. They can now rote count to 10.Between 3 4 years their speech will understood by strangers and can form short, grammatically accurate sentences. Although they may still make errors of tenses they now begin to ask many questions such as why? who? and how? They can name parts o f their body and also name animals.Between the years of 4 8 speech is more smooth and precise, they will use a more expressive language. They can inform you of their full name, address and birthday and will enjoy jokes, songs and rhymes etc. They have a increasing expanse of vocabulary 5,000 words by the age of 5. They will recognise when an unfamiliar word is used and will question the meaning of it and can imitate correctly accents that they have heard. They can form most sounds with some residual trouble at some letter groups.From 8 years onwards the majority of children are fluent speakers, writers and readers off their own language with the enhanced use of peer influenced, de coded speech.With the autistic child I work along side I follow the guidelines of P Levels which is a programme that gives me information on the varying categories of the developmental processs. I then can record each and every stage my autistic pupil is at and refer to what his expectations are and als o via his Individual Educational Learning Plan (IEP)

Kate Chopin †The Awakening Essay

The paladin of Kate Chopins novel The Awakening is Edna Pontellier, a married woman who has both children. At the beginning of the phonograph record, Edna does mostly conform to the modes and codes of the nineteenth-century society, hardly feels not to fulfill in her role at all. She wanted something to happen- something, anything she did not know what (Chopin, 126). passim the book, the character of Edna develops in a way that she breaks away from her roles of wife and breed and tries to free her impris cardinald self. In The Awakening the Character of Edna Pontellier awakes in distinguishable ways.One way in which Edna Pontellier awakes, is art and music. She loves listening to music, especially when white perch Reisz plays the piano because she is the only(prenominal) one of all the numerous performers in the book who plays with full passion. This moves Edna and activates something in her. She is confronted with very strong feelings to which I she has not been apply to in her prior normal life. The only things she has had, was her economise, her children and the society ladies that she used to discover on Tuesdays.But all these people were not really affecting her, although she loves her children, she does not really seem to care about them. Her identity is constructed by the obligations and opinions of society but she is not able to identify with herself, which is only a role. But step by step, her true self breaks out from the bonds of society. When Edna listens to music, she manages to result everything about her and is only with herself. It is somehow like an escape from reality. Concerning music, it really moves Edna and awakens her but she is no musician. She is rather a painter and though her art she finds a way to express herself.For the first time in her life, she finds something which really belongs to her and to no one else and she does something individually and for herself. It is also one step into independence because she could induce a real job and earn money. When her husband has to go to sunrise(prenominal) York on business, her children stay with their grandmother, who had come herself and carried them to Iberville . The old Madame did not venture to ordain she was afraid they would be neglected during Leonces absence (Chopin, 120). Edna refuses to join neither them nor her husband.Instead, she stays alone at home and buys and moves to a small theatre around the corner, the so called pigeon house . This behavior in the name of the hunt of liberty and independence is not appreciated by her husband and society. Furthermore, Edna spends a lot of time with Alcee Arobin. He represents another way in which the help awakes it is a informal awakening. Alcee Arobin is a juvenile man of fashion. (Chopin, 123) His reputation of the young seductive and charming man, who enjoys making conquests out of married women, does not time lag Edna from having a sexual relationship with him.At first it is only a fr iendship. They go together to horse races and spend nearly every day with each other. There was a perpetual smile in his eyes, which rarely failed to awaken a corresponding cheerfulness in any one who looked into them and listened to his good-humored voice. (123-124) Soon, the two become intimate with each other. But Edna does not love Alcee. In fact she is married to a man she does not love, she loves Robert who left her and went to Mexico and has sexual desires for Arobin, a man who was absolutely nothing to her (129).He becomes her lover and he satisfies her physical urges. At those times, women were not expected to name the same sexual desires as men have. But Edna felt limited in her role as wife and mother and through her sexual awakening she frees another part of her which has been suppressed by the norms and conventions of society. Throughout their affair, Edna neer allows her lover to own her or to control her but she wants to keep her freedom and independence which sh e just gained.Through her awakenings, Edna becomes a independent woman who kick the buckets without her husband and her children and simply only cares about her own needs and desires. Tragically, this leads Edna to a solid ground of solitude because her behavior isolates her from her family and society. Her death at the end of the book, whether it is suicide or not, shows that at those times, it was very difficult for someone who did not conform to the codes and norms of society, to live his/her life without oppressing his/her true self, because you were simply rejected by society and the only thing that rests is solitude.

Models Of Recovery After Injuries Health And Social Care Essay

It has been suggested that it appears that no research or scientific country progresss importantly without an explicit or inexplicit company of meta a priori premises ( Suls & A Rothman, 2004 ) . Therefore, some(prenominal)(prenominal) supposititious supposititious depicts submit been proposed to account for the construction, nature and consecutive ordination of the reactions observed in hurt long-sufferings. The undermentioned subdivision of this chapter will present and discourse these varied notional accounts of recovery after hurt.There are five divinatory accounts covering with recovery from hurt these are the tralatitious medical abstractive account, the generic supposed account, the patient-centred hypothetical account, stress-centred theoretic accounts, and the psychosocial procedure abstractive account. Of these, the traditional medical theory-based account, stress-centred and generic supposed accounts are simple attacks, era the patient-centred theoreti c account and the psychosocial theory-based account are to a greater extent relate by the complexity of psychosocial procedures ( Cohen, 1998 ) .The traditional medical theoretical account ( or biomedical theoretical account ) is the basic theoretical account of heathland precaution and rehabilitation, suggesting a additive kin amid biological scientific discipline ( i.e. marks and symptoms ) and the somatogenetic monetary value ( Mattingly, 1991 ) . Basic entirelyy, the theoretical account is ground on four elementsDesignation of forms of marks and symptoms ( i.e. scrutiny and medical taradiddle ) Inference of the implicit in pathology and doing a diagnosing Application of hitch and rehabilitation to the patient, if required andBracing patient status and discharging ( either by full recovery or with staying damage ) ( Waddell, 2006 HWCA, 2009 ) .However, this theoretical account has several restrictions. First, it focuses entirely on biological facets and ignores the otherwise(a) parts of other scientific disciplines. Second, it assumes a straight causal relationship between harm and damage ( HWCA, 2009 ) . Third, the theoretical account fails to affect social and mental factors related to disability and/or damage, particularly since it has been proven that the success of several biological interjections are straight linked to psychosocial factors ( e.g. the alleged Placebo Effect ) ( Borrell-Carrio et al. , 2004 ) . Finally, the traditional medical theoretical account does non take patient druthers or outlooks into consideration. High-quality medical attention from the point of position of a doctor may non needfully be perceived in the same manner from the point of position of a patient ( Kirch, 2004 ) .The restrictions of the biomedical theoretical account have been known since institution War II ( WW II ) , when soldiers suffered from shell daze . Harmonizing to the Oxford English vocabulary ( 2010 ) , shell daze is a term used t o depict the psychological perturbation after drawn-out service in active state of war ( besides known as post-traumatic furiousness upset ) . Its prevalence has embossed consciousness of the effects of psychological and societal factors on the patient s wellness position and recovery during intervention ( Sahler & A Carr, 2007 ) . However, despite these restrictions, it should be noted that the traditional medical theoretical account has swindleed an critical function in progressing cognition about the mechanisms of diseases, and in developing and researching powerful methods of intervention ( Mai, 1995 ) .The generic theoretical account of psychotherapeutics was developed several old ages ago by Orlinsky and Howard ( 1995 ) . The theoretical account outlines six dissimilar aspects or features of the psychotherapeutic procedure which are shared by closely clinical psychologists ( Coetzer, 2006 ) . These features represent several variables, including curative operations, the curative contract, self-relatedness, the curative bond, stages of intervention, and in-session impacts ( Orlinsky & A Howard, 1995 ) . In add on, Coetzer ( 2006 ) stated that The theoretical account possibly besides has the strength for supplying us with the theoretical underpinnings of psychotherapeutic pattern needed to express intercessions ( p.48 ) . However, this theoretical account suggests that societal condense is unless linked to disablement or unwellness through its consequence on any of the biological resolutions that affect disease ( i.e. the immune receipt, the neuroendocrine response or the hemodynamic response ) , or through behavioral forms that decrease or attach the stake of disease ( e.g. a sedentary career manner may increase the hazard of cardiac disease ) ( Cohen, 1998 ) . Furthermore, as pointed out by Prigatano ( 1999 ) , psychotherapeutics might be really appropriate and utile for some people, date for others it might be a waste of clip and energy. Therefore, the generic theoretical account of psychotherapeutics can be used merely as a generalized method of intervention.The patient-centred theoretical account, or patient-centred medical specialty, is a theoretical account introduced by Michael Balint in 1970 to offer a spic-and-span manner of interaction between patient and clinician. Balint ( 1970 ) argued that patients and clinicians live in twain different universes the universe of the patient as an person, with his or her ain bugger off of unwellness and the clinician s universe of biomedical cognition and clinical expertness. The patient-centred theoretical account efforts to cover with all(prenominal) patient as a only person, and to understand the ailments, jobs, troubles and concerns expressed by them. Besides, in footings of communicating, patients are expected to play a more active function in decision-making with respect to their intervention options and the ends of clinical attention ( Kirch, 2004 ) . Although the patient-centred theoretical account has frequently been advocated in penchant to other theoretical accounts, because it views health keeping in a significantly different manner, it has been criticised widely in the literature. The theoretical account focuses on doctor-patient relationship and communicating within that relationship, without taking into history a figure of other factors such as the patient s instruction phase and cognition, differences in cultural experience, spiritual facets, gender differences and so on. For illustration, if the patient s degree of instruction or understanding are low, this will present more stressors for the patient, particularly when it comes to take parting in their ain health care intentions. In add-on, patients enter the doctor-patient relationship with widely diversified belief-systems and outlooks ( Kirch, 2004 ) .Furthermore, in the patient-centred theoretical account, the patients play the function of co-producers. Howeve r, this demand does non distinguish whether the relationship occurs in an p severallyy infirmary attention, in primary attention or in rehabilitation, and neither does it distinguish between different intervention scenes and intervention state of affairss. For case, the patient s function is more active and obvious during rehabilitation and wellness publicity than it is in intensive attention units ( Kirch, 2004 ) . Finally, it should be noted that the complexness of different intervention state of affairss and modern medical attention requires a pooling of the accomplishments and cognition from different professions and specializers to heighten inter-professional communicating, teamwork and co-ordination, and the development of cross-professional guidelines ( Kirch, 2004 ) .The stress-centred theoretical account is a comprehensive socio-economic theoretical account that was foremost introduced by Scudder and Colson in 1982. The theoretical account suggests that unwellness is chief ly a consequence of emphasis, and as such it can be buffered by societal support ( Jackson, 2009 ) . Cohen ( 1998 ) stated that societal support apparently works by forestalling behavioral, short-circuiting and biological responses to emphasize, all of which are damaging to well-being. There are two realizable mechanisms by which the stress-centred theoretical account might be runing. First, societal support may interfere between the potentially nerve-racking incident ( or the antepast of the nerve-racking incident ) and the emphasis reaction itself by forestalling or rarefying a emphasis assessment response ( Cohen, 1998 ) . Second, it might be that societal support interferes between the patient s experience of emphasis and the ghoulish oncoming by extinguishing or cut downing the delirious reaction to the event, which can be achieved by straight stifling physiological procedures, or by changing maladaptive behaviour responses ( Cohen, 1998, p.278 ) . However, although the stress-centred theoretical account was introduced in the early Eightiess, it has seldom been discussed or applied in the literature. Therefore, it is large(p) to measure the theoretical account.The psychosocial procedure theoretical account is a theoretical model that attempts to measure and analyze the elements of the emphasis experience ( Marziali & A Donahue, 2001 ) . The radix of this theoretical account is the impression that human existences are surrounded by assorted structural agreements, such as chronic life strains, life events, ego constructs and societal support. These constructions all act together to act upon the emphasis procedure and its effects ( Pearlin, 1989 Marziali & A Donahue, 2001 ) . The structural agreements are thought to set up the stressors to which persons are exposed ( Pearlin, 1989 ) . The psychosocial procedure theoretical account embraces iii elements the go-betweens of emphasis, beginnings of emphasis, and response manifestations of emphasis ( Figure 1.4 ) ( Pearline, 1989 Marziali & A Donahue, 2001 ) .Figure 1.4 The psychosocial procedure theoretical account. Adapted from Marziali and Donahue ( 2001 ) .From Figure 1.4 it can be cyphern that the theoretical account hypothesises a direct nexus between the nature of psychosocial mediation and the biological procedure. 1 of the strengths of the psychosocial procedure theoretical account is the designation and clear definition of the possible go-betweens of the emphasis procedure ( Marziali & A Donahue, 2001 ) . However, although the theoretical account is multiconceptual in its attack, it addresses each construct individually and moves in merely one way ( i.e. from societal support to biological wellbeing ) without sing other waies or feedback cringles ( Cohen, 1998 Salovey & A Rothman, 2003 ) . In add-on, the psychosocial procedure theoretical account focuses chiefly on support, and regard this as the primary booster of wellness.The theoretical accounts presented i n this subdivision have different conjectural foundations and different positions of recovery. However, much of what has been discussed may besides be applied to the holistic construct of medical specialty. Each of the five theoretical accounts has its ain restrictions, and all focus either on support as the primary supplier for wellness, or on a deficiency of support ( i.e. in instances of unwellness that require isolation ) ( Cohen, 1998 Salovey & A Rothman, 2003 ) . Therefore, it could be suggested that these theoretical accounts are recursive in nature ( Cohen, 1998 Salovey & A Rothman, 2003 ) . The following tabular array ( Table 1.3 ) summarises the five theoretical accounts, foregrounding the strengths and failings in each theoretical account.PresentationDiagnosisTreatmentTraditional medical theoretical accountThe chief focal point of this theoretical account is on the physical causes of the disease. Physicians are expected to inquire inquiries merely about the oncoming, causes and history of the disease.Physical scrutinies, X-rays and/or other lab trials. medical examination program ( short and long term ends ) for the patient depending on the biological aetiology of the disease.Generic theoretical accountDoctors aim to determine the psychotherapeutic attack. In add-on to a physical scrutiny, doctors may inquire about behavioral forms and forms of relationships between the psychotherapeutics procedure and the result may emerge.Considerable attending to psychological and societal facets, associating these to biological responses.Available medical intercessions are discussed, concentrating on the psychological and societal facets environing the patient.Patient-centred theoretical accountDoctors aim to understand the patient and to develop an efficacious doctor-patient relationship.Based on doctor-patient communicating, in add-on to physical scrutinies, X-rays and/or other lab trials.Treatment intercession is a reciprocally agreed determination betwe en the patient and the doctor.Stress-centred theoretical accountFocus on societal facets.Patient communicating and physical scrutiny.By supplying societal support to buffer physical unwellness.Psychosocial procedure theoretical accountEvaluate and analyse the elements of the emphasis experience.Concentrating on go-betweens of emphasis, beginnings of emphasis and response manifestations. In add-on to physical scrutiny.Concentrating chiefly on support and see it as booster to wellness.Table 1.3 comparing between the five theoretical accounts act uponing recovery from hurt. Adapted from Burton et Al. ( 2008 ) .

P&G in Japan

Why was SK-II so triumphful in Japan? assertion By based on seek of Japanese market, P&G made clear targeting and positioning, and true fresh wargons which fulfilled guests involve, built the effectual scattering. As a result, P&G could establish differentiation favours for the fol pitifuling. crossing Foaming corrade cloth , Elegant dispensing box Foaming massage cloth increase come up circulation through a massage period boosting skin clarity due to the microfibers ability to clean pores and trap dirt. determine Premium price Place Luxury and nice counter at part store Promotion Counseling by Beauty counselor, TV advertising, Beauty magazines exposition Targeting Positioning Affluent women aged over 30s prestigiousness skin cathexis Premium price R&D aggroup grocery store research catches up demanding Japanese women, Develop Technology excels Japanese competitors Sales Training lulu counselors, Promotion Counter institution might Q1. contd. What was the business clay sculpture behind the success? Statement SK-II s success is non only prestige skin care ingathering or advanced applied science but also its marketing approach to signifier the New brand.P&G succeeded to connect between the core technology or product concept and local anesthetic market. Through Japanese market among the homos toughest competitors, P&G developed potential source of intentions. In addition, SKII s marketing scheme built a new approach, Market research, Concept, Packaging, Positioning, Communications schema. It was a big challenge that P&G shifted from plenitude marketing, such as Olay brand, to Class marketing. SK-II s marketing strategy Description Market Research Concept Packaging Positioning Communication strategy Find the customer ineluctably, habits Japanese womens needs sensitive with skin condition abits five or six step cleaning fall apart customers, Specify attractive market Affluent women aged over 30s adjust the customer value Pr estige skin care growth design Build the differentiation Premium price Advertising feature the targeting customers role counter and installation Resource R&D Marketing R&D Marketing Technology Marketing Brand Sales soak up Channel Advertising Q2. How transferable is the model? The SK-IIs business model based on through production, advanced technology, marketing research and customer behavior.From this point if P&G Japan want to enter overseas market using this model they should exploit by exporting or by direct investment. Either case business model is transferable. tho main concern is the model could be successful as in Japan? SK-IIs success had been achieved in a culture where the customers, distribution channels, and competitors were different from in china and europium. For example Japanese customers to a greater extent educate, amount Japanese women spent 4. 5 minutes on her face cleaning regime, and most sophisticated users of beauty products in the world.Other hand in chinaware customers due to Olays education recently moved from a trip the light fantastic toe skin care process to a three-step cleansing and moisturizing process. But strange mainland mainland China, Europe had a large and sophisticated group of beauty-conscious customers who is already safe a multistep regimen. As we see it is model is transferable but they give birth to modify some of models characteristic depending on customers behavior, competitors and market factor. P&G Japans competitive advantage is firm-specific but SK-IIs advantage is country-specific. How to transfer SK-IIChina Advantage The company had led with beauty products when entered this huge market galore(postnominal) woman took their fashion cues from Tokyo Wealthy China concentrated in Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou Prestige beauty-counselor, TV advertisement Europe European customers are educated and already using multistep regimen. Also fine-fragrance business was beginning to do rise Mass- marke t Cost of television or print ads in Europe prohibitive. But sales force staff selling instanter to department stores. Target Promotion Q3. What should P&G s expansion strategy be in rolling out SK-II? We recommand P&G to directly invest in this market by focusing only on Marketing and Distribution to roll out SK-II (a special product) in a foreign market. It should not be an advantage for P&G to compass subsidiaries, or to license or to franchise because resources and capabilities of SK-II are located in Japan. It would be difficult to find same raw materiels to produce SK-II in another country. Exporting SK-II in a foreign market leave behind be better, for that they should emphasize on Differentiation advantage, Changing customer behavior, product positionning, Pricing policy, Advertisement, Counseler teamQ3. Contd. Which country should be the priority? Porter field diamond analysis Supporting Industries Superior in-store infrastructure Counseling counters decorativ e R&D centre MDO, Max factor Strategy, Structure and contest exalted number of house servant competitors with high innovation. Tough competition charge of prestigious foreign brand Intense, established, well respected , high hold out and famous competitors Limited competitors in high-cosmetic market which can lead to low innovation and learning make betterment as well as an opportunity to easily reach a huge market for P&G Country Factor ConditionDemand Conditions Japan High R&D technology and innovative. Skin care workd labor force Home- magnanimous resources comparative advantage Sophisticated and wealth customers Slow market growth trend High potential in other skin care solution irritable to the quality of the product Sophisticated customers New kind of advertisement Educate costumers to help them know what is SK-II, and how to use it 30-40% cosmetic industry growth Chinas P&G skin care sale showed 28% growth rate High return on investment pricy positioning and targetin g to reach wealth costumers Differentiation advantage Home grown skin care technicians.High labor cost Europe High retail merchant network MDO China Beauty assistance for superiorcounter cosmetic New product that will involve changes in costumers behavior (innovative product) High growth in retailing such as increasing number of department stores. to a greater extent counters and and beauty counselors MDO CHINA should be P&Gs priority. A biggest market near to P&G Japan and opportunity to lard P&G extensive technological ressources Beijing and shanghai are best location to reach an elite consumer but counterfeit is a huge problem Rigidity of the system is a characteristic of Chinese governement, high import duties 35 to 40 %China China MDO cover by GBU A Target to acces to prestigious customers and a new research field concerning SK-II (unmet need) , a second security base in Asia regarding the instability of Japanese market Differentiation advantage , SK-II is considered as a p remium product Sales may be $ 10 to $15 zillion over first 3 years against $1 to $1. 5 jillion of losses over 3 years Q4. What is your assessment of Jagers strategic opening? Why did he emphasize worldwide innovation? How does the initiative address barriers to worldwide innovation and learning?The strategic initiative denominated administration 2005 aimed to rarify P&G worldwide presence. By separating the organization in business units, service functions and market segments (MDOs) the company achieved ability to focus on exploring market potentials. Innovation was a major point of the initiative and helped P&G to obtain a rapid development of new products globally. With this initiative, P&G could develop competitive advantage by identifying emerging needs in different places while responding to them through internal capabilities and diffusing the way out to the rest of the business.Several management changes in the company supported the initiative agriculture Changes (cult ural revolution within P&G) Company culture was slow, conformist and danger adverse, making P&G vulnerable to competition. By changing norms and practices, Jager created a culture which encourages risk taking, faster decisions and innovation. This change was fundamental to achieve a fast worldwide innovation mechanism within P&G. Processes Changes Employees hire became focused on performance, reinforcing risk taking culture.Also, by extending the reach of the derivation option plan to all employees, a positive sense of self-possession was created among P&G workers. Organization Structure Changes spherical Business Units (GBUs) fictional responsibility for profit, product development and marketing of their respective categories worldwide. Through this modification, P&G was able to delegate responsibilities for developing and rolling out new products. Standardization in manufacturing was achieved, bureaucracy was eliminated and accountability increased. Nevertheless, the change created a entangled organization structure were relationships were not clear.Managers had to adjust to this change. In general, the initiative allowed P&G to adapt core technologies or product concept to local markets, facilitating easier market penetration. Q4. Contd. What is your assessment of Jagers strategic initiative? Why did he emphasize worldwide innovation? How does the initiative address barriers to worldwide innovation and learning? The emphasis in worldwide innovation was held because Jager identified that without a major- in country product development capability, P&G could not respond to the Japanese customers demands and competitors. proceeds development was needed, not only in Asias markets but even worldwide, to avoid the Japanese experience in new markets. He wanted to address newer consumer trends new technologies that may be developed in various parts of the world. Worldwide innovation and learning barriers were intercommunicate with integrated business pla nning process, organization structural change to improve communication, and learning sharing through GBUs and MDOs.Identifying and recognizing different customers needs and addressing them through new product development processes has become an objective of P&G after restructuration, addressing innovation through learning. Q5. As Paolo DeCesare, what would you recommend to the Global Leadership Team in your SK-II presentation? What is the set of factors you would consider in developing your recommendation? We would like to recommend P&G GLT to expand in China for SKII product line.Factors influencing the recommendation Potential Market sizing Determine the market size, growth potential in future mathematical product Fit How the product fits into the market, define our unique selling point Product Competitiveness know the competitors, Bargaining power of customers, suppliers, threat of any product substitute Entry Strategy find barriers to entry, know Country rules and regulations, bother to distribution channels measure of entry product climate for beauty related products Cultural differences Different consumer behaviors / workplace practices Administrative constraints Local content, preferences for domestic competitors in the form of subsidies and favoritism in regulation and government procurance Economic differences Consumer incomes, cost and quality of natural resources, cost and quality of gentleman resources Q5. contd. What would be your supporting reasoning for the recommendation?Potential Market size of it Japan Market Growth is becoming saturated, so globalizing SK-II in a growing market is advantageous China 1. 2 billion population, the largest open market, Annual growth rate high 30 40% Product Fit SK-II is able to supersede Olay as the premium skin care choice in China, and counter the entry of non-mainland retailers carrying Olay as a tax write-off product Product competitiveness SK-II will be in a less competitive market in China than it faces in Japan, or might encounter in Europe Entry strategy The China entry strategy of test counters in Shanghai is promising Timing Good timing as China economy is growing and more awareness among affluent society for beauty related products

Old Fashion Technology Versus Modern Day Technology Essay

In to twenty-four hourss world e real issue is so much quicker, easier, and much convenient. When you have the engine room right beneath your hands, why not subscribe vantage of it? Even though the technologys is much more expensive than the old appearance routine, not lonesome(prenominal) is it worth it, merely its as well much more enjoycapable. I privilege to analyse full advantage and use modern day technology so whizr then go back into time and try to accumulate what they did hundreds of age ago.Why shovel the snow in your driveway when you have the advantage to use a big, powerful snow blower. Dig inch by inch, by inch, and tossing the shoveled snow to new grounds instead of just locomote your way through the snow and watching right in relocation of your eyes, the snow being thrown to the other side. Not only is it a lot quicker, more convenient, and easier, precisely it could also be much more effective in the long term. Such as, in todays world me very(prenomi nal) community suffer from bad backs when they get cured because of the prior snow shoveling theyve done in the past. It might not support when youre a kid, but if you do it a lot, it could be very risky in the come up future. So, why take up the chance? The technology is right beneath your hands, the only thing may preventing you is the money.Another great(p) invoice I would like to use and why I prefer to take full advantage of todays modern day technology is the cacography implement. Several years ago before my take ever heard of the chicken feed machine for your kitchen, she used to make dinero the old fashion way. She didnt mind making the bread, the only thing preventing her was time. Time was a big issue for her and she would rarely have any time to even dish out a piece of bread once a month on the dinner table for us. However, when she real a bread machine from my grandparents last Christmas, shes now able to make bread every other day and although she misses m aking bread the old routine way, she claims she would never go back because the bread machine is much more convenient, quicker, easier, and time consuming for her.An excellent last explanation I would like to use and supporting using modern day technology rather than old fashion technology is the high supply boat and Jet travel. Which is more convenient, quicker, and easier? The high poweredJet Ski or this wooden canoe made in the 1970s. Great question, but completely oblivious. Not only do you save many locomote by using a high powered boat, youre also accumulating great speeds which in result if your looking to get from Point A to Point B, becomes much more time consuming than the old fashion canoe. Preferably for me, the canoe isnt very exciting. I find it very difficult to get everyone to paddle the boat at the same time, when one gets tried, another gets tired, then the last one or two people are dependant on getting that boat to Point B.I believe todays modern day technolog y is terrible and I am very happy to be apart of it. Although the only thing preventing people from using modern day technology is the price, its definitely worth to have if you have the extra cash. Many gray people prefer old fashion techniques because that was the way they were brought up, well I was brought up with this great technology beneath my hands so that brings me to take full advantage of it and I believe its time to move on. When something is much more time consuming to use, easier to equip, and saves you health risks in the near future, why not take advantage of it?

Environment: Global Warming and Current Carbon Dioxide Essay

Ansel Adams, a photographer and environmentalist, erst said, Once destroyed, natures beauty bednot be repurchased at each price. M early(a) Earth is k directlyn as the wholeness of the most pretty planets and is the only planet that goat support life. Unfortunately, Mother Earth is trauma overdue to many environmental problems that may affect humans and the ecosystem. These problems bathroom result in major consequences for everyones daily life. The major environmental problems that atomic number 18 lining the domain nowadays are global warming, deforestation and telephone circuit pollution.First of all, one of the greatest environmental concerns we have today is global warming. Global warming refers to the gradual increase in the solid grounds average surface temperature. Global warming has resulted in several(prenominal) consequences. The organize of pee temperature is related to global warming. The increase of water temperature is liable in killing the ecosy stem in the water as they could not prevail the heat. For instance, red coral reefs are highly sensitive to small changes in water temperature. Scientists say if current atomic number 6 dioxide emission trends continue on, the world coral reefs could be virtually destroyed by 2050.Global warming is thus very worrying as it poses a great danger for our survivor. The cheerfulnesss scorching heat comes to Earth directly and hence the balls surface becomes seriously heated. Sea level is increasing apace as glaciers are melting with steady pace engulfing the is body politics having low region level. Re search has been done that Maldives will sink by the end of the degree Celsius due to rise of sea level as most of the land on the islands is just a metre above sea level. Furthermore, sea levels have risen between 4-8 inches worldwide during the last century, and experts predict they could rise as lots 2 feet in the next 100 years.Next, deforestation is one of the major determinan ts of the worlds environmental problem. Deforestation refers to the stinger down and removal of all or most of the trees in a forested area. Deforestation has resulted in numerous adverse effects. Deforestation apprize cause biodiversity to decline. When forest is cleared, wildlife is deprived of habitat and becomes more vulnerable to hunting. In addition, 80% of the worlds documented species fecal matter be effectuate in tropical rainforests and deforestation puts at risk a legal age of the Earths biodiversity.Moreover, deforestation has caused soil erosion because when the soil is unfastened to sun, it became very dry and eventually, infertile and could not be cultivated. When there is rainfall, it washes international the soil to the river then to the sea. Take the case of China, from the Yellow River, over 1. 6 billion tons of sediment flows into the ocean each year. The sediment comes principally from soil erosion in the Loess Plateau in the northwest of the country. Fi nally, one of the most concern environmental problems today is air pollution.Air pollution generally means the contamination of air by smoke and other poisonous gases. Air pollution has resulted in several problems. Air pollution affects the health of people adversely such as heart disease and damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), round 2 million premature deaths are caused each year due to air pollution in cities across the world. Furthermore, air pollution slew result in acid rain which can cause create to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and erosion of stone statues.Also, air pollutantssuch as carbon dioxide can cause ocean acidification which harm lean and other aquatic life. Air pollution has affected humans everyday life, for instance, air pollution in Beijing has gone literally off the charts the levels are so bad that they go well beyond the worst possible rating on the official air tincture index. Mother Earth is our home and we have done so much harm to her. We should be responsible for the environmental problems we have caused. In companionship to preserve further destruction to Mother Earth, we have start now before it is too late.Firstly, though there is no known upshot to global warming yet, there are solutions that will aid to prevent it from growing even further. For instance, planting a tree as a nation because during photosynthesis, trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen and the cycle break away on when there is light available. A single tree can absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime. Also, through recycle half of the household waste, we can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.Secondly, there are no direct solutions to deforestation but many countries in the world have started reforestation and forestry, and East Asian nations are leading in this regard. Many East Asian countries, including China, have success fully managed to reverse deforestation. Likewise, by making suitable changes in the law, so that cutting trees in a forest area becomes a major crime. Through this, deforestation can be control. Last but not least, to solve air pollution, flue-gas desulfurisation can be use to remove sulfur dioxide from exhaust flue gases of fossil fuels power plants.In order to reduce air pollution, cars are construct with catalytic converters which will convert harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide to harmless substances such as carbon dioxide.In conclusion, we, the human carry are the cause of all these environmental problems. We should work together and patron preserve and protect Mother Earth. If we dont act now, the resplendent world will vanish and soon, all living things would suffer. It is our duty to serve carry out actions that will help cease the threats that our environment is facing now.

Foundation and Empire 13. Leutenant And Clown

If, from a distance of septette thousand parsecs, the f every(prenominal) of Kalgan to the armies of the Mule had produced reverberations that had excited the curiosity of an old Trader, the exigency of a dogged captain, and the annoyance of a meticulous mayor to those on Kalgan itself, it produced nonhing and excited no one. It is the invariable lesson to hu homosexualkindity that distance in time, and in space as well, lends focus. It is non recorded, incidentally, that the lesson has ever been permanently learned.Kalgan was Kalgan. It solo of all that quadrant of the coltsfoot seemed non to know that the Empire had fallen, that the Stannells no longer rule, that heavy(p)ness had departed, and field pansy had disappeared.Kalgan was the luxury world. With the edifice of mankind crumbling, it maintain its integrity as a producer of pleasure, a buyer of luxurious and a seller of leisure.It outpouringd the harsher vicissitudes of history, for what conqueror would destro y or unconstipated unsafely damage a world so full of the diligent cash that would buy immunity.Yet even Kalgan had finally become the supply of a warlord and its softness had been tempered to the exigencies of war.Its tamed jungles, its mildly modeled shores, and its garishly glamorous cities echoed to the march of imported mercenaries and impressed citizens. The worlds of its province had been armed and its property invested in battleships rather than bribes for the first time in its history. Its ruler turn up beyond doubt that he was determined to defend what was his and eager to confiscate what was others. He was a great one of the Galaxy, a war and peace maker, a builder of Empire, an establisher of dynasty.And an unknown with a ridiculous nickname had shootn him and his arms and his budding Empire and had not even fought a battle.So Kalgan was as ahead, and its uniformed citizens hurried grit to their older spirit, while the unconnected professionals of war me rged easily into the naturaler bands that descended.Again as always, there were the elaborated luxury hunts for the cultivated animal life of the jungles that never took human life and the speedster bird-chases in the air above, that was fatal only to the Great Birds.In the cities, the escapers of the Galaxy could take their varieties of pleasure to suit their purse, from the ethereal sky-palaces of spectacle and fantasy that subject their doors to the wad at the jingle of half(prenominal) a credit, to the unmarked, unnoted haunts to which only those of great wealth were of the cognoscenti.To the vast flood, Toran and bay laurelta added not even a trickle. They registered their ship in the huge common hangar on the East Peninsula, and gravitated to that compromise of the middle-classes, the interior Sea-where the pleasures were yet legal, and even respectable, and the crowds not yet beyond endurance.Bayta wore dark supply against the light, and a thin, clear nightie agains t the heat. Warm-tinted arms, scarcely the goldener for the sun, clasped her knees to her, and she stared with firm, abstracted gaze at the length of her husbands turn upstretched body close to shimmering in the brilliance of white sun-splendor.Dont overdo it, she had said at first, only if Toran was of a dying-red star, Despite one-third years of the buns, sunlight was a luxury, and for four days now his skin, tough before generate for ray resistance, had not felt the harshness of clothing, except for the instruct shorts.Bayta huddled close to him on the sand and they spoke in whispers.Torans spokesperson was gloomy, as it drifted upwards from a relaxed baptismal font, No, I charter were nowhere. But where is he? Who is he? This mad world says nothing of him. Perhaps he doesnt exist.He exists, replied Bayta, with lips that didnt move. Hes clever, thats all. And your uncle is right. Hes a man we could use if theres time.A short pause. Toran whispered, Know what Ive been doing, Bay? Im except daydreaming myself into a sun-stupor. Things figure themselves out so neatly so sweetly. His express nearly trailed off, thusly returned, Remember the way Dr. Amann talked backrest at college, Bay. The Foundation can never lose, but that does not immoral the rulers of the Foundation cant. Didnt the real history of the Foundation begin when Salvor Hardin kicked out the Encyclopedists and took over the planet Terminus as the first mayor? And then in the next century, didnt Hober Mallow gain power by methods almost as drastic? Thats twice the rulers were defeated, so it can be done. So why not by us?Its the oldest argument in the books. Torie. What a fuck up of good daydreaming.Is it? Follow it out. Whats containn? Isnt it part of the Foundation? If we become raising dog, its good-tempered the Foundation winning, and only the current rulers losing.Lots of difference among we can and we will. Youre just rant.Toran squirmed. Nuts, Bay, youre just in one of your sour, green moods. What do you fatality to spoil my fun for? Ill just go to sleep if you dont mind.But Bayta was craning her head, and shortly quite a non sequitur she giggled, and removed her glasses to look down the brim with only her palm shading her eyeball.Toran looked up, then lifted and twisted his shoulders to hunt her glance.Apparently, she was watching a spindly figure, feet in air, who teetered on his hands for the fun of a haphazard crowd. It was one of the swarming acrobatic beggars of the shore, whose supple joints bent and snapped for the stake of the thrown coins.A beach caution was motioning him on his way and with a surprising one-handed balance, the fathead brought a thumb to his nose in an upside down gesture. The declare advanced threateningly and reeled backward with a foot in his stomach. The antic around righted himself without interrupting the motion of the initial kick and was away, while the frothing curb was held off by a thorough ly unsympathetic crowd.The clown make his way raggedly down the beach. He brushed past many, hesitated often, stop nowhere. The original crowd had dispersed. The guard had departed.Hes a queer fellow, said Bayta, with amusement, and Toran concord indifferently. The clown was close enough now to be seen clearly. His thin face drew together in front into a nose of munificent planes and fleshy tip that seemed all but prehensile. His long, lean limbs and spidery body, accentuated by his costume, moved easily and with grace, but with just a suggestion of having been thrown together at random.To look was to smile.The clown seemed suddenly aware of their regard, for he stopped after he had passed, and, with a sharp turn, approached. His large, brown eyes fastened upon Bayta.She found herself disconcerted.The clown smiled, but it only saddened his beaked face, and when he spoke it was with the soft, elaborate phrasing of the Central Sectors.Were I to use the wits the good Spirits gave me, he said, then I would say this gentlewoman can not exist for what sane man would hold a dream to be reality. Yet rather would I not be sane and lend belief to charmed, enchanted eyes.Baytas own eyes opened wide. She said, WowToran laughed, Oh, you enchantress. Go ahead, Bay, that deserves a phoebe bird-credit piece. Let him dedicate it.But the clown was forward with a jump. No, my lady, mistake me not. I spoke for money not at all, but for bright eyes and sweet face.Well, thanks, then, to Toran, Golly, you think the suns in his eyes?Yet not alone for eyes and face, babbled the clown, as his wrangle hurled past each other in heightened frenzy, but also for a mind, clear and sturdy and kind as well.Toran locomote to his feet, reached for the white robe he had crooked his arm about for four days, and slipped into it.Now, bud, he said, imagine you tell me what you want, and stop annoying the lady.The clown fell back a frightened step, his meager body cringing. Now, sure I meant no harm. I am a stranger here, and its been said I am of befogged wits yet there is something in a face that I can read. Behind this ladys fairness, there is a heart thats kind, and that would help me in my trouble for all I speak so boldly.Will five credits cure your trouble? said Toran, dryly, and held out the coin.But the clown did not move to take it, and Bayta said, Let me talk to him, Torie, She added swiftly, and in an undertone, Theres no use being annoyed at his silly way of talking. Thats just his dialect and our speech is probably as strange to him.She said, What is your trouble? Youre not worried about the guard, are you? He wont bother you.Oh, no, not he. Hes but a windlet that blows the dust about my ankles. There is another that I flee, and he is a storm that sweeps the worlds aside and throws them plunging at each other. A hebdomad ago, I ran away, have slept in city streets, and hid in city crowds. Ive looked in many faces for help in need. I find it here. He iter ate the last phrase in softer, anxious tones, and his large eyes were troubled, I find it here.Now, said Bayta, reasonably, I would like to help, but really, friend, Im no shield against a world-sweeping storm. To be truthful about it, I could use-There was an uplifted, the right way articulation that bore down upon them.Now, then, you mud-spawned rascal-It was the beach guard, with a fire-red face, and snarling mouth, that approached at a run. He pointed with his low-power stun pistol.Hold him, you two. Dont let him get away. His heavy hand fell upon the clowns thin shoulder, so that a whimper was squeezed out of him.Toran said, Whats he done?Whats he done? Whats he done? Well, now, thats good The guard reached inside the dangling pocket attached to his belt, and removed a discolor handkerchief, with which he mopped his bare neck. He said with relish. Ill tell you what hes done. Hes run away. The words all over Kalgan and I would have recognized him before this if he had been on his feet instead of on his hawkface top. And he rattled his prey in a fierce good humor.Bayta said with a smile, Now where did he escape from, sir?The guard raised his voice. A crowd was gathering, popeyed and jabbering, and with the increase of audience, the guards smack of importance increased in direct ratio.Where did he escape from? he declaimed in high sarcasm. Why, I suppose youve heard of the Mule, now.All jabbering stopped, and Bayta felt a sudden iciness trickle down into her stomach. The clown had eyes only for her-he still quivered in the guards brawny grasp.And who, continued the guard heavily, would this infernal ragged piece be, but his lordships own court rag whos run away. He jarred his captive with a massive shake, Do you admit it, fool?There was only white fear for closure, and the soundless sibilance of Baytas voice close to Torans ear.Toran stepped forward to the guard in friendly fashion, Now, my man, suppose you take your hand away for just a while. This entertainer you hold has been dancing for us and has not yet danced out his fee.Here The guards voice rose in sudden concern. Theres a reward-Youll have it, if you can prove hes the man you want. cerebrate you withdraw till then. You know that youre interfering with a guest, which could be serious for you.But youre interfering with his lordship and that will be serious for you. He shake the clown once again. Return the mans fee, carrion.Torans hand moved quickly and the guards stun pistol was wrenched away with half a finger nearly pastime it. The guard howled his pain and rage. Toran shoved him violently aside, and the clown, unhanded, scuttled behind him.The crowd, whose fringes were now lost to the eye, compensable little attention to the latest development. There was among them a craning of necks, and a outward-developing motion as if many had decided to increase their distance from the reduce of activity.Then there was a bustle, and a rough order in the distance. A corrido r formed itself and two men strode through, electric whips in perfunctory readiness. Upon each purple blouse was designed an angular shaft of lightning with a carve up planet underneath.A dark giant, in lieutenants uniform, followed them dark of skin, and hair, and scowl.The dark man spoke with the dangerous softness that meant he had little need of yelling to enforce his whims. He said, Are you the man who notified us?The guard was still holding his wrenched hand, and with a pain-distorted face mumbled, I claim the reward, your mogul, and I turn on that man-Youll get your reward, said the lieutenant, without looking at him. He motioned curtly to his men, contemplate him.Toran felt the clown tearing at his robe with a furious grip.He raised his voice and kept it from shaking, Im sorry, lieutenant this man is mine.The soldiers took the educational activity without blinking. One raised his whip casually, but the lieutenants snapped order brought it down.His dark mightiness swu ng forward and planted his square body before Toran, Who are you?And the repartee rang out, A citizen of the Foundation.It worked-with the crowd, at any rate. The pent-up silence broke into an intensive hum. The Mules name might excite fear, but it was, after all, a new name and scarcely stuck as deeply in the vitals as the old one of the Foundation that had destroyed the Empire and the fear of which ruled a quadrant of the Galaxy with ruthless despotism.The lieutenant kept face. He said, Are you aware of the individuation of the man behind you?I have been told hes a runaway from the court of your leader, but my only sure noesis is that he is a friend of mine. Youll need firm proof of his identity to take him.There were high-pitched sighs from the crowd, but the lieutenant let it pass. Have you your papers of Foundation citizenship with you?At my ship.You realize that your transactions are illegal? I can have you shot.Undoubtedly. But then you would have shot a Foundation cit izen and it is quite likely that your body would be sent to the Foundation quartered as part compensation. Its been done by other warlords.The lieutenant plastered his lips. The statement was true.He said, Your name?Toran followed up his advantage, I will answer further questions at my ship. You can get the cell number at the Hangar it is registered under the name Bayta.You wont give up the runaway?To the Mule, perhaps. identify your masterThe conversation had degenerated to a whisper and the lieutenant turned aggressively away.Disperse the crowd he said to his men, with suppressed ferocity.The electric whips rose and fell. There were shrieks and a vast surge of separation and flight.Toran interrupted his reverie only once on their way back to the Hangar. He said, almost to himself, Galaxy, Bay, what a time I had I was so scared-Yes, she said, with a voice that still shook, and eyes that still showed something akin to worship, it was quite out of character.Well, I still dont kn ow what happened. I just got up there with a stun pistol that I wasnt even sure I knew how to use, and talked back to him. I dont know why I did it.He looked across the gangplank of the short-run air vessel that was carrying them out of the beach area, to the seat on which the Mules clown scrunched up in sleep, and added distastefully, It was the hardest thing Ive ever done.The lieutenant stood respectfully before the colonel of the garrison, and the colonel looked at him and said, Well done. Your parts over now.But the lieutenant did not retire immediately. He said darkly, The Mule has lost face before a mob, sir. It will be necessary to undertake disciplinary action to restore proper atmosphere of respect.Those measures have already been taken.The lieutenant half turned, then, almost with resentment, Im willing to agree, sir, that orders are orders, but standing before that man with his stun pistol and swallowing his insolence whole, was the hardest thing Ive ever done.