Leadership Development Plan Essay

Section 1: What is Leadership and What Kind of Leader are You? Leadership means influencing others towards a common goal. This was how I viewed leadership ten weeks prior, before I started this online class. The definition itself stems from experiences brought about by memberships of the Junior Jaycees, university student councils and medical organizations. Extracting the definition comes easily. It may be correct but not necessarily complete. It is implementing it that’s tricky. Previously, I viewed leadership as it is in a box. A common goal is handed out to you. Then you’ll have to pick out which roads to travel to reach that goal. There was no formal training. At the conclusion of this course, the leadership definition above still holds true. But it is not as it is in a box anymore. It’s like trying your hand at golf. You may score a hole-in-one without perfecting your swing. But crafting your swing based on appropriate training and stance would definitely increase your chances of achieving that hole-in-one. The journey towards that coveted hole-in-one would be more meaningful as it would be objectively guided. According to Dan Clark1, â€Å"Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent†. Based on this definition and the concepts learned during the course, I would view myself as using more of the ‘transformational’ leadership style with a tinge of ‘transactional’, and just currently implementing the ‘empowering’ style. Transformational leadership entails inspiration and the conversion of a follower’s motivational state.3 I have always evoked inspiration as a leader, ever since I started taking responsibilities in small organizations in high school. This was how I managed to extract a good outcome out of the members. The transactional aspect just came into existence on an accidental discovery. Having been raised frugal, I used to just purchase myself a warm creamy Starbucks coffee on a really bad day as a pick-me-up. When I felt good after a sweet sip at the start of the day, I noticed my productivity increased. So, I bought some for my staff. It was the best day ever at work. Everyone shared a smile despite the high workload and stress. This also strengthened my bond with the staff. They viewed the free morning gourmet coffee as a personal reward. So once in a while, I give out incentives to staff to boost up their creativity and efficiency. That small gesture of a gourmet coffee led to gift cards, birthday party celebrations, etc. On the other hand, the empowering style of my leadership has just been developed during this course. It is indeed a new concept and is a work in progress. It does make sense. Not only would I be able to delegate tasks to the members, but this would also foster ownership and further training for them. Empowering the staff would increase their self-esteem, skills and productivity. There is a lot of overlap between the leadership styles and collaborative leadership. According to The Community Toolbox by the University of Kansas2, the traits of collaborative leadership can be summarized as follows: †¢ Collaborative problem-solving and decision-making. It’s not the leader’s job to decide what to do and then tell the group. Rather, the group considers the problem, decides what to do, and counts on the leader to help them focus their effort . †¢ Open process. The leader, or some other interested party, doesn’t just start with his goals in mind and steer the group in that direction. Collaborative leadership means that the process of decision-making is truly collaborative, and has no set end-point when it begins. The end result is worked out among all the participants: that’s collaboration. †¢ Leadership of the process, rather than the group. The purpose of collaborative leadership is to help the collaborative process work, rather than to lead the people involved toward something – to a particular decision, for instance, or in a particular direction. For me, ‘collaboration’ is taking all of the leadership styles mentioned above and gently infusing them into your members’ style, so that they would be leaders in their own small fields as well. This would definitely not unfold itself overnight but would definitely entail tons of patience and training, as well as rewards. With these concepts, equipped with the course discussions and readings, which were applied to experiences in the past, present and the future, led me to the discovery of my own authentic leadership. We all have the capacity to inspire and empower others, but we must first be willing to devote ourselves to our personal growth and development as leaders4 to attain success. How we lead others is indeed a product of our life stories and hardships. It is for this reason that finding out your own authentic leadership should begin with awareness of self and the environment. In lieu to this, the leadership development plan would serve as the first step towards discovering my authentic leadership. The objectives of this leadership and development plan are as follows: a) Based on the assessment questionnaires done, on top of the concepts learned in class, I would be able to increase my awareness of self and environment, acknowledging my strengths and weaknesses. b) By summarizing the concepts significant to my situation, I would be able to discover my current leadership style and modify or develop it as best as possible according to what I have learned. c) I would be able to create a specific action plan towards the development of my authentic leadership style. d) I would be able to apply the modified leadership style on a real-life situation. By preparing this leadership and development plan, I hope to achieve the objectives as listed above. This would serve as my unbiased guide as I embark on my most significant real-life leadership journey, which actual ly started a few weeks ago. Section 2: Lessons Learned This course has defined some previously unknown leadership traits and taught me lessons that would be valuable tools for the development of my authentic leadership style. I have summarized them as follows: a) Awareness of self and environment Awareness of self and the environment have been recurrent themes during the whole course. I should agree that I have unfolded some layers of myself as the weeks went by. I have repositioned myself in my career environment differently. Working as a primary care physician and opening up a new private practice during the current economic environment requires a lot of courage. The Obamacare health plans have recently reduced reimbursements to physicians. Although some positive changes are already in effect, health insurances still remain a huge business industry in which patients and physicians fall victims of. Having a Protean Career Orientation, and being aware of it through the assessment questionnaires, provided a cushion against these changes. Nothing provides more reassurance than knowing that regardless of how difficult the business climate might be, my boundaryless career orientation would somehow survive and prosper. Of course, the latter depends on the subjective definition of success. Having filled out the â€Å"Meaning of Career and Life Success† questionnaires helped confirm what matters to me as I find my way through this journey. Helping other people, achieving a work/life balance and personal growth have been consistent in what I want in life and career. This is important because the health care system for physicians has been very rigid. With a young career, as mine, most of my colleagues resort to being employed and managed by hospitals or larger private groups. It is not financially conducive to open up a private practice at the onset. So, I am technically swimming against an opposite current, and the lessons from the readings have pushed me into moving forward despite of. I do not deny, of course, that there would be tough moments when I sometimes get tempted to choose the easy path and revisit the generous employment offers I had. When this does occur, the Protean trait comes in handy and muffles out all doubts and anxiety. b) Leadership style/vision In a few weeks, I will be managing a business on my own. This definitely requires a multitude of organizational skills. As much as I have already implemented most of the lessons learned in this course, I would still be requiring the assistance of and probably revisit these reviews most often. The transition from being an employee to embracing an employer status would surely extract all the leadership qualities that I could muster. First off, I envision myself as a collaborative leader, making more use of the transformational as well as empowering leadership styles with a tinge of transactional method as well. The balance of these techniques depends on every situation I would encounter. Empowering others and myself has been one of my strengths, mainly because helping out and teaching have always been my calling. This would definitely come in handy when I exercise these different leadership styles. Furthermore, I also want to be a leader who would embrace technology and use all resources available in my grasp for the betterment of the organization. Currently, social media has done away with geographical barriers. When used appropriately, it would also bridge the cultural gap and communication barriers within the company. I wonder what the outcome would be if I implement a supervised â€Å"facebook/twitter† equivalent among the staff and management, tapping into hidden resources and skills within the group. In my line of business, I want recommendations from patients and staff heard. But because the latter sometimes become hesitant to give out ideas, it is difficult to pry their walls open unless they feel comfortable to expose themselves. That would be interesting to see. I bet there are still tons of instances when you can make technology work for you. I would want to be that kind of leader who listens to those needs/changes and responds appropriately, with or without technology. On the other hand, aside from leading with both the head and the heart, I also want to lead by example. I have been raised with a solid Catholic foundation and ethics. I want to employ this kind of culture in my organization and allow it to trickle down to the staff as well. I have seen a lot of employer physicians take advantage of employed doctors due to monetary benefits. There is nothing wrong about prioritizing the balance sheets and net profits, as long as you have not crossed the ethical boundary lines. Business should be practiced with a conscience. c) Leadership behavior changes When work demands increase, I find myself accidentally encroaching on family life. This is why the readings on work/life balance impacted me the most. The assessment questionnaires on this topic realigned my priorities. My husband and I, both physicians, strive so hard to give our two young children the quality time they deserve. From the onset, I have done away with inpatient practice and just focused on working in an outpatient setting with no weekend calls. Although most of the time, office hours go beyond the usual 8am-6pm schedule, as we tend to finish patient charts on time and actually sometimes bring work home. From the lessons learned, I have learned to balance work/life more in terms of quality and quantity of time. Instead of restricting my kids’ schedule and designing it to accommodate mine more, I have given up some activities that would take away parent time. For instance, instead of attending a dinner lecture presentation for continuing medical education, I would just spend this time with my family and read up on the topic whenever I can during work time. Another topic that brought great impact to me was on managing the boss. As a leader, you have to stay in tune to the needs of your superiors as well as your subordinates. The lessons learned from these readings were an eye-opener. I have experienced instances when I went beyond the employed physician job description. The intentions were noble as I saw opportunities for improvements. However, my superiors took these the wrong way. Awkward relationships would have been avoided then. Now I definitely know better.

Packet Sniffing

Sniffing In short, packet sniffing is the method used to see all kinds of information as is passes over the network it is linked to, but how does a packet sniffer work? A packet sniffer is a piece of software or hardware capable of monitoring all network traffic. It is able to capture all incoming and outgoing traffic for example clear-text passwords, user names and other private or sensitive details. Packet sniffing is a form of wire-tap applied to computer networks instead of phone networks. It came into vogue with Ethernet, which is known as a â€Å"shared medium† network.This means that traffic on a segment passes by all hosts attached to that segment. Ethernet hardware contained a filter that prevented the host machine from actually seeing any other traffic than that belonging to the host. Sniffing programs turn off the filter, and thus see everyones traffic. In the scheme of things, a computer usually only examines a packet of data that corresponds to the computerâ€℠¢s address but with a packet sniffer you are able to set the network interface to ‘promiscuous mode’. In this case it examines ALL available information passing through it.As the data passes through the system it is copied and stored in memory or on a hard drive. The copies are then able to be studied and the information analyzed. The captured information is decoded from raw digital form into a  human-readable  format that permits users of the protocol analyzer to easily review the exchanged information As soon as you connect to the internet, you ‘sign on’ to a network that is under the watch of your ISP. This network can communicate with other networks and in short forms the basis of the internet.If a packet sniffer is located at a server owned by your ISP, it has the potential to gain access to: * The web sites visited. * What is searched for on the site. * Your e-mail recipients. * The contents of your mail. * Any files you download. * A list of your audio, video and telephony options. * A list of visitors to your website. Switched vs. Non-Switched In a non-switched network environment packet sniffing is an easy thing to do. This is because network traffic is sent to a hub which broadcasts it to everyone. Switched networks are completely different in the way they operate.Switches work by sending traffic to the destination host only. This happens because switches have CAM tables. These tables store information like MAC addresses, switch ports, and VLAN information [1]. Before sending traffic from one host to another on the same local area network, the host ARP cache is first checked. The ARP cache is a table that stores both Layer 2 (MAC) addresses and Layer 3 (IP) addresses of hosts on the local network. If the destination host isn’t in the ARP cache, the source host sends a broadcast ARP request looking for the host. When the host replies,the traffic can be sent to it.The traffic goes from the source host to the switch, and then directly to the destination host. This description shows that traffic isn’t broadcast out to every host, but only to the destination host, therefore it’s harder to sniff traffic. Passive Vs. Active Sniffing Sniffers are a powerful piece of software. They have the capability to place the hosting system’s network card into promiscuous mode. A network card in promiscuous mode can receive all the data it can see, not just packets addressed to it. Passive Sniffing If you are on a hub, a lot of traffic can potentially be affected.Hubs see all the traffic in that particular collision domain. Sniffing performed on a hub is known as passive sniffing. Passive sniffing is performed when the user is on a hub. Because the user is on a hub, all traffic is sent to all ports. All the attacker must do is to start the sniffer and just wait for someone on the same collision domain to start sending or receiving data. Collision domain is a logical area of the network in wh ich one or more data packets can collide with each other. Passive sniffing worked well during the days that hubs were used.The problem is that there are few of these devices left. Most modern networks use switches. That is where active sniffing comes in. Active Sniffing When sniffing is performed on a switched network, it is known as active sniffing. Active sniffing relies on injecting packets into the network that causes traffic. Active sniffing is required to bypass the segmentation that switches provided. Switches maintain their own ARP cache in a special type of memory known as Content Addressable Memory (CAM), keeping track of which host is connected to which port.Sniffers operate at the Data Link layer of the OSI model. This means that they do not have to play by the same rules as applications and services that reside further up the stack. Sniffers can grab whatever they see on the wire and record it for later review. They allow the user to see all the data contained in the pa cket, even information that should remain hidden. The terms active and passive sniffing has also been used to describe  wireless network sniffing. They have analogous meaning. Passive wireless sniffing involves sending no packets, and monitoring the packets send by the others.Active sniffing involves sending out multiple network probes to identify APs. How Does a Packet Sniffer Work? A packet sniffer works by viewing every packet sent in the network. This includes packets not intended for itself. How does it do this? Three types of sniffing methods are used. Methods may work in non-switched networks or in switched networks. These methods are: IP-based sniffing I. P -based sniffing works by putting the network card into promiscuous mode and sniffing all packets matching the IP address filter and is the original type of packet sniffing.The IP address filtering isn’t switched on so the sniffing program is able to capture all the packets. This method will only function in non-s witched networks. MAC-based sniffing MAC-based sniffing works by putting the network card into promiscuous mode and sniffing all packets that match the MAC address filter. ARP-based sniffing ————————————————- ARP-based sniffing doesn’t put the network card into promiscuous mode because ARP packets are sent to its administrators. This is because the ARP protocol is stateless.This means that sniffing can be done on a switched network. Once a hacker has found possible networks to attack, one of their first tasks is to identify the target. Many organizations are nice enough to include their names or addresses in the network name. The Sniffer program works by asking a computer, specifically its Network Interface Card (NIC), to stop ignoring all the traffic headed to other computers and pay attention to them. It does this by placing the NIC in a state known as promiscuous mode.Once a NIC is promiscuous mode, a machine can see all the data transmitted on its segment. The program then begins to constantly read all information entering the PC through the network card. Data traveling along the network comes as frames, or packets, bursts of bits formatted to specific protocols. Because of this strict formatting, the sniffer peels away the layers of encapsulation and decodes the relevant information stored in the packet sent, including the identity of the source computer, that of the targeted computer, and every piece of information exchanged between the two computer.Even if the network administrator has configured his equipment in such a way as to hide information, there are tools available that can determine this information. Utilizing any well known network sniffing tools, an attacker can easily monitor the unencrypted networks. Modes: On wired broadcast and wireless LANs, to capture traffic other than  unicast  traffic sent to the machine running the sniffer software,  multicast  traffic sent to a multicast group to which that machine is listening, and  broadcast  traffic, the  network adapter  being used to apture the traffic must be put into  promiscuous mode; some sniffers support this, others don't. On wireless LANs, even if the adapter is in promiscuous mode, packets not for the  service set  for which the adapter is configured will usually be ignored. To see those packets, the adapter must be in  monitor mode. Who Uses a Packet Sniffer? Packet sniffers are often used by ISP’s as a diagnostic tool for their back-up systems, so it is in fact a well-utilized form of technology. Packet sniffing is also sometimes used to investigate the habits and actions of criminals, for example in the FBI’s Carnivore System.As I am sure you will appreciate from the above, packet sniffers can be a useful, relatively harmless tool or a potentially dangerous invasion of privacy. Packet sniffers are a perfec t example of how technology may be used to help or to harm. USES: The versatility of packet sniffers means they can be used to: * Analyze network problems * Detect  network intrusion  attempts * Detect network misuse by internal and external users * Documenting regulatory compliance through logging all perimeter and endpoint traffic * Gain information for effecting a network intrusion * Isolate exploited systems * Monitor WAN bandwidth utilization Monitor network usage (including internal and external users and systems) * Monitor data-in-motion * Monitor WAN and endpoint security status * Gather and report network statistics * Filter suspect content from network traffic * Serve as primary data source for day-to-day network monitoring and management * Spy on other network users and collect sensitive information such as passwords (depending on any content  encryption  methods which may be in use) * Reverse engineer  proprietary protocols  used over the network * Debug clie nt/server communications * Debug network protocol implementations Verify adds, moves and changes * Verify internal control system effectiveness (firewalls, access control, Web filter, Spam filter, proxy) DEFENSE Detection Protection Conclusion Having looked at what they are, why they work and how they are used, it is easy to view sniffers as both dangerous threats and powerful tools. Every user should understand they are vulnerable to these types of attacks and their best defense lies in encryption. Administrators and professionals need to know that these programs are superb diagnostic utilities that can, unfortunately, be used with malicious intent on any network.

Duddy Kravitz Materialism Essay

Materializing is a major role in this book it affects a large part of the characters second and one person first hand. It also affects the plot due to the main characters obsession with materialism. Materializing can also cause people in relationships to grow apart due to confusion with priorities. Materializing can drive people to become some one that they would never wish to become with out even realizing it. It can also push you to do stuff that you would never think of doing. In the book The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz, the main character Duddy Kravitz was brought up with the saying † a man with out land is a nobody.† Duddy believes that the more land and money he gains the more of a â€Å"somebody† he will become. Duddy goes through life trying to make more and more money and gain more and more land. With an obsession like this it can cause a person to forget about priorities and also the heath and feelings of others. With Duddy by the end of the book his push to become a † somebody† cause the lost of respect from a family member and the loss of valued friends. It caused Duddy to put his own friend in a wheel chair for life just so he could try and save some money. Materializing can cause your judgment to fog and able you to do almost anything to get a head in the race to becoming a â€Å"somebody†. Duddy went to the point of forging a crippled friends check so he could buy more land. After he finally owns and controls all of the land hi feels that he has become a â€Å"somebody†. Duddy let money and poisons become the only thing that mattered to him. Duddy lost sight of everything that he lost and all the people that he hurt along the race to become a â€Å"somebody†. The plot of the book was greatly affected be materialism. The book is based around a selfish, greedy man named Duddy Kravitz a man that would stop at anything to become rich and well known. The plot twists as Duddy personality becomes meaner and more money driven. The plot of the book starts with the main character Duddy trying to make living well at the same timework his way up to becoming rich and at least locally famous. Duddy starts off as a happy man with a girlfriend, has many friends that are rich and is starting off his own business. However later on in the book after he starts to buy land to build a dream he starts to go bankrupt. As times get tough Duddy slowly starts to loss grasp of his goals and dreams that would make him a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"somebody†. The money hungry man starts to become verbally violent and uncaring for others. At this point he is only worried about losing his land and money. â€Å"#################† but really Duddy has lost much more than he has gain. He has lost his friends, his girlfriend and the respect of his grandpa. The plot is based on materialism with Duddy. All most every problem in this book is a result in Duddy trying to make it big in life and becoming a rich man with a lot of land. When materialism is present with in a relationships it can push people to grow a part over time. It is usually noticed be one member and rarely caught but the person who is obsessed with it. With Duddy Kravitz it was present thought out his life. However as time moved on it slowly turned in to the only thing that mattered to him in his life. When Duddy first started to date Yvette you could see the connection they had with each other, you got the impression that they where meant to be together. They would go on picnic’s together, go for walks in the woods, and go swimming in the lake. This is where Duddy discovers his soon to be land, with in seconds you could see that the Duddy obsession with materialism has started to make things different between then. Duddy tried to bribe Yvette not to tell anyone about their place and offered to cut her in on the profits if she would keep it a secret. When money and the land came in to the picture it caused Duddy to almost stop trusting Yvette and act like she was more like a business partner rather than girlfriend. This cause Yvette to become angry and upset that Duddy didn’t trust her and brought money in to the picture. Slowly over time Duddy became verbally violent towards Yvette, always telling her to â€Å"shut up† and yelling at her profoundly. Slowly Duddy obsession pushed him away from Yvette. By the end of the book Duddy was so obsessed with land, money and trying to become a â€Å"somebody† that he lost the important things in life. Duddy lost things that can’t be bought but money, or impressed with land, he lost friends and family.

Bloomberg terminal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bloomberg terminal - Essay Example The case study will include an assessment of subsequent investment preferences and expected financial status upon completion of studies at the University of East London (UEL). Table of Contents Brache, A. (2008). Nine variables affect innovation within today's Enterprise Model. Tooling & Production. The Free Library. Nelson Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Nine+variables+affect+innovation+within+today%27s+Enterprise+Model.-a0173644126 16 Value Click. (2013.) Book-To-Market Ratio. Investopedia US. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/booktomarketratio.asp#axzz2JE9l3c9G 17 1. Introduction Bloomberg provides the financial world with news, analytics, and financial data through several indices. After reviewing goldmines of financial data, investors must ultimately choose where to spend. Consistency during periods of recession is a string indicator of the health of most funds. Implementation of sustainability programs exist to ensure the long run succe ss of the operations. This is considered true by Fiksel in his study of the strategies employed by top international corporations to attain superior business performance (Fiksel, 1999). According to Alan Brache, 9 variables affect strategy: knowledge management, human capabilities, organizational structure, business processes, issue resolution, culture, leadership and progress (Brache, 2008). Since shareholders know only what is reported to them, concerns about how the business should operate are written. The shareholders assume the agency is operating according to the specifications of the business relationship. When this is not the case, agency costs arise. United States government regulation of stock trading by the SEC is a preventive measure in an industry plagued with fraud. Only the strong survive in the bull and bear markets. Investors must acknowledge the proper protocol of investing which consists of due diligence and research before making investments. In the context of in vesting, due diligence is defined as ‘the process by which a potential investor obtains a sufficient understanding of a business to enable him to take an informed decision on investing in that business’ (Business Week, 2012). Beyond the recession from 2007 to 2009, the saga of financial turmoil for agencies in the United Kingdom continued. On April 20, 2010, an explosion in the Gulf of Mexico released British Petroleum (BP) oil all over the Gulf of Mexico. The incident made history as the largest accidental oil spill (New York Times, 2012). Enterprise Risk Management Risk is a reality that exists in every aspect of business. Risk velocity is the rate of speed that the risk can appear and begin to develop (Steinberg, 2011). The risk appetite represents the amount of risk the company can afford to accept. Risk velocity must constantly be offset. Key Risk Indicators (KRIs) affect the speed with which risk management can control risk issues (Steinberg, 2010). The fundamenta l concepts of ERM work together to strategize against risk through objectives. Prevention is of major focus. Setting objectives and following through is the first strategy. The following lists key ERM fundamental concepts (Flaherty, 2004): An on-going process Effects every level of the organization Applied in strategy setting at every level of the organization. A portfolio view of risk Risk identification and management within risk appetite Provide assurance to management, stakeholders, and board of directors Meet

AFA assing1 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AFA assing1 - Article Example The most significant aspect that contributes to the bad attitude towards Africa is the skin color and language. Historically, Africans have been described as â€Å"the Black† and that notion has brought about huge attitude discrimination concerning African. Racial discrimination has been served to Africans for a long time. Sometimes, Africans are deemed to be mentally retarded or creatures that are still evolving. My role as a budding scholar is to highlight some pretty things that emanate from Africa. In this case, the picture of Africa will be drawn again by demarking phenomenon aspects of Africa such as the attractive culture, good geographical sceneries and people with bright minds. African concepts of God has emanated from a very close affiliation with nature and absolute dependence on the land. Since the nature is very much dependent on the rain, Africa developed a desire to appease the being that brings rains and make the nature attractive. In this case, they realized that there is a supreme that controls the welfare of the nature. They referred to this divine being as God. Monotheism is the concept used to describe the existence of only one Supreme Being known as God. In this case, every person worships the supreme Being making declaration that there exist none-other to be worshiped. A good example of monotheism is the

Global Geopolitics of the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Global Geopolitics of the Middle East - Essay Example However, for investments to flourish continually there has to be stability, which has become threatened by the brutal regimes in existence. An economist at the International Energy Association states that an investment worth over $19 trillion in gas and oil is required from now until 2035. This is where the significance of the Middle East arises from as growth in petroleum supply is expected to come from there and North Africa. This is in spite of the fact that oil has been discovered in other countries, for example, Brazil. Therefore, for this investment to be achieved funds have to be availed and stability in the region needs to be maintained. An example of this is Iraq which is a primary oil producer in the region but has continuously suffered due to instability and targeting of its oil facilities. Another example is Syria, which even though is a small producer, has brought a standstill to foreign investments in the oil sector because of barbaric policies enacted by the government. Historically, the Middle East has been known as the cradle of civilization resulting from discoveries in science and religion and widespread trade activities. In addition, the region is highly acclimatized for its scholarly efforts though the environment has not been conducive for this to be more far-reaching. Consequently, a majority of citizens from various states within the region go to study abroad. Israel, being a democracy and the only Jewish state, has attracted reinforcement of its territories from the U.S. This is because, since the period of the Cold War, U.S has endeavored to ensure continuity of flow of oil and at an affordable price, but initially, this was possible as oil was replacing coal as a source of energy. The Middle East is accountable for an approximate of 40% of oil exports in the world this is because, globally, economic growth and progress has been greatly reliant on carbon-based forms of energy particularly crude oil. More so, there are

Comparison of the UK Copyright Law and Patent Law Research Paper

Comparison of the UK Copyright Law and Patent Law - Research Paper Example The effect of a grant of a patent is to exclude others from reproducing, selling and making the patented object whilst the effect of copyright protection is to give its owner the exclusive right to do anything to his copyrighted work.1. In the United Kingdom jurisdiction, the applicable law for patenting is the Patent Law of 1977 (as amended) and for copyrighting the Copyright, Designs and Patents Acts of 1988 (as amended by the Copyright and Related Rights and Regulations).2 Albeit that the laws have different methods of extending legal protection to their subjects, these differences boil down to the same purpose – to minimise monopolies. The copyright law began with the practice of giving exclusive rights to printers to print and distribute books. However, in 1709, the Statute of Anne began giving these rights instead to the authors although limited to fourteen years and renewable once.3 In 1886, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works established the fundamental structure that countries should follow in drafting their respective copyright laws.4 Eventually, the European Union was organised and one of its objectives was to harmonise the laws of member countries. Thus, the laws of the UK periodically undergo amendments to make them in accord with the EU laws. The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988 for example, has been constantly amended and in 2003 The Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 was issued. 5 The patents law, on the other hand, was believed to have originated in Italy through the Statute of Monopolies in 1474. In England, the patents system was begun by the issuance of letters patent granted to inventors to grant them the monopoly of the production of certain goods.  

Economic Development and Wilderness Preservation in Australia Essay

Economic Development and Wilderness Preservation in Australia - Essay Example This essay outlines the importance of maintaining the balance between economic development and preservation of wild nature in Australia. Economic development and wilderness preservation are two concepts that go hand in hand. If the wilderness is not protected, economic development is hard to achieve and vice-versa. Efforts to protect the wilderness in the region seem to have been completely frustrated over the years. The Aboriginal Australians have adopted the paradigm in their attempt to embrace the benefits associated with western lifestyles. For instance, the infrastructure that has been installed to service both the mining operations and the remote communities is threatening the wilderness of Northern Australia. With no strategic measures towards wilderness protection within and outside the northern part of Australia, the relatively sparse population of the region will end up with a disproportionate impact on the wilderness. The remote and aboriginal communities of the northern part of Australia have a significantly growing ecological footprint that has had an enormous impact on the wilderness areas. For instance, every Aboriginal community must have a telephone communication network and associated infrastructure. The infrastructures are linked to the major towns of the area through the roads network and a growing fleet of motor vehicles. The establishment of the power lines has seen economic development realized in some areas of the wilderness that were previously remote and with no significant development

Structure analysis for NEA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Structure analysis for NEA - Essay Example President Barrack Obama has emerged revised policies to approach the challenges of VC fund flow structure of the country with appropriate revision of all existing norms to benefit the emerging companies. NEA environment of the liquidity of VC’s fund is described better by Porter’s Five Forces which identifies five different constraints in the fund governance of an emerging company. Firstly, the status of a company needs to be largely approved and of a huge size of operation to enter into NEA’s investment stream. Legal formalities of many of the entrants become complicated as they need to produce assurance of liquidity to the investors. Secondly, the superior power of investors over the company stands on the way of its operation. Investors are usually very selective about the choice and manner of business. This rigidness is somehow dissolved in the gradual course of longer term of the investment and illiquidity of the fund owing to low growth rate of the company’s income. Another force that suspends the VC’s fund flow is threat of substitutes. Thus the entrepreneur’s power is seized by the influence of investors as they are the decisive force behind the work. At the foremost stage, the VC fund flow was largely hit by the rapid growth in low flexibility and illiquidity which resulted in unethical entry of rival groups in the operation of similar activities. In the trial of accumulating funds, more than 650 Funded Companies, over 165 IPOs and as many as 265 Mergers and Acquisitions were drawn in favor of the venture capital stream. Thus formation of enhanced capital funding from various fields encouraged the process of forming top 100 companies aligned with an NEA found opportunity for employing over 300000 people and gathered their efforts positively generate $100bn in annual revenues. A great achievement of NEA stream was that it associated over 65 investment

Fixing Urban Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fixing Urban Schools - Essay Example This project concluded that members of the school board, mayors, foundation leaders and city council need to have an idea on how to improve school systems. One of the vital elements of reform policies that can transform performance in schools is giving responsibility to other school members other than just superintendents. Most superintendents maintain their jobs for approximately three years. The school officials normally hire a different superintendent serious and confident enough to advance a school and raise the performance of students. Three years is not enough to achieve set goals. When a superintendent leaves, he or she leaves behind partially implemented plans and unfulfilled goals. This report declares that big city leaders face issues of political and intellectual types. The political issue is the complexity of developing and maintaining a strong coalition that can conquer the resistance to change that many large organizations face, whose constituency consists of opposing civil employees and interest groups. Only a number of communities have enjoyed the advantage of both a system of political support and strong ideas. Political support is important because it plays a huge role in making ideas come to life. It is not clear how to solve the issues faced by city schools. Without proper direction, the millions of young people’s future living in the city are at stake. This is because they need the public school system to shape their employment ability and their entry into society. (Hill & Celio, 1998). Apart from teachers, members of the school board, mayors, foundation leaders and city council need to have an idea on how to improve school systems. One of th e vital elements of reform policies that can transform performance in schools is giving responsibility to other school members other than just superintendents. Most superintendents maintain their jobs for approximately three years. The school officials normally hire a different superintendent serious and confident enough to advance a school and raise the performance of students. Three years is not enough to achieve set goals. When a superintendent leaves, he or she leaves behind partially implemented plans and unfulfilled goals (Hill & Celio, 1998). The reasons why public schools face these issues is poverty, racial isolation, social instability and labor unrest. It is also helpful if local leaders can gather the needed administrative and political support to attain such reforms. The biggest challenge faced by urban schools relates to the reality that the term connotes worries concerning experiences of education for minority and poor youth. Improving public schools hence communicate s the idea of conquering inequalities in occupational, educational, and social opportunity throughout economic and racial groups. Overview of Current Policy: The policy of fixing urban schools encourages school restructuring as a way to allow improvement in the achievement of students and the effectiveness of an organization. This happened with the appointment of state officials and local appointed boards to run schools. The move prevented any bureaucracy in the management of urban schools. Because of bureaucracy, schools normally have a poor relationship with community and parental networks. This relationship is important because it helps facilitate the effective education of children. Creating a sense of community for public schools is a suggestion by many scholars. They claim that this is what separates different schools socially. For example, catholic schools run based on functional communities. This means that the

Global Business Cultural Analysis of Switzerland Research Paper

Global Business Cultural Analysis of Switzerland - Research Paper Example Switzerland is primarily a multicultural nation, despite its small size. The nation has four official languages, including German, French, Italian, and Romansch, with German as the most common language used for teaching in schools and reading of newspapers (Levin, 2002). With such a multicultural dimension, Switzerland remains a readily available prime test market for the European nations, used for the introduction of new technology products and services before such products are nationally launched to other global markets. The situation in Switzerland clearly shows that cultural diversity plays a significant role in enhancing global business, considering that the aspect of cultural diversity in Switzerland, establishes it as one of the best business hubs in the global perspective. Major Elements and Dimensions of Culture in SwitzerlandSeveral major elements and dimensions of culture occur in Switzerland, each of which distinguishes people of a particular culture to another based on t heir different preferences on the dimensions. The elements and dimensions of culture in Switzerland; therefore, include communication, Religion, Ethics, Values and Attitudes, Manners, Customs, Social Structures, Organizations. Communication ideally is one of the most important aspects every cultural setting. Being a multi-lingual nation, Switzerland has four major languages German, which takes up approximately 70% of the population’s main communication language, French, Italian, and Romansh.

Civil Engineering Pesonal Statement Essay Example for Free

Civil Engineering Pesonal Statement Essay It was this quote by Theodore von Karman in my high school physics book that sparked my interest in engineering. Engineering allows for the designing and constructing of structures that most people could only dream of but they could not live without. From bridges spanning oceans to connect countries to artificial islands on which building complexes can provide housing for thousands of people. This notion is what made me want to become an engineer. I have always been interested mathematics and science since grade school, but it was in high school that my curiosity flourished when I joined an engineering program. There I learned about the different fields like electrical, structural, and robotics. But it was civil engineering that I pursued. Something that became evident when we were given the chance to build bridges from balsa wood which strengths would later be tested. Although my bridge was not the strongest, it was in the top five and the most aesthetically pleasing out of the twenty bridges that participated. That experience was enough to make me decide to pursue a career in civil engineering. Later when I entered college and began to take courses working towards my degree, I learned more about emerging new technologies which could benefit both the people and the planet alike. I am concerned about environmental issues which our world is currently facing and hope to use engineering to resolve these problems while also improving peoples lives. My mathematical skills also developed and I relish the opportunity of using these mathematical techniques to solve real-life problems. Studying further mathematics has proved more demanding than I anticipated, but I have found the extra challenge very rewarding. Furthermore, it has shown me the extent to which mathematics is ultimately present in every aspect of our lives. I am involved in extracurricular activities. In 2010 I joined Sigma Alpha Lambda a national leadership and honors organization and their local chapter. With them I have participated in Relay for Life and Food Fight Against Hunger. Two national initiatives aimed at fundraising and bringing awareness to cancer and hunger respectively. For Relay for Life I helped to decorate our team campsite according to the theme that year and for Food Fight Against Hunger I helped collect can foods as well as monetary donations. Outside of school I am also involved in my church. There I serve as a Sabbath School teacher for children in pre-K and kindergarten and as a general volunteer. My responsibilities range from helping the children learn songs to helping organize a blood drive, but also as a congregation we go visit elderly folks in a retirement home and volunteer at a shelter to feed the homeless on a monthly basis. Engineering offers us the chance to make the world a better, safer and more exciting place; this is what attracts me to the subject. I am confident that the challenges offered by civil engineering appeal to me and will inspire me to do great things. Engineering has always been fundamental in developing the world and is a field in which I would love to be involved.

The Lack Of Exposure And Practice Community

The Lack Of Exposure And Practice Community In Malaysia we have the Bahasa Malaysia as the national language but because of Malaysia is a multiethnic country, we have a variety type of language and dialect in the community (Eg : the Chinese community speaks Cantonese or mandarin and the Indian community speaks Hindi). People and student will tends to use their own dialect / language to speak among with their classmate due to they are more comfortable and fluency in speaking the respective language. It is also a fact that majority of the parent will talk to their children by using their own language instead of English (Hentan, 2011). As we are aware, practice makes perfect and therefore, English will need to be part of our life in order to be more fluent in the language. Education In the 1970s, teaching medium in national-type primary and secondary school was changed from English to Bahasa Malaysia. Due to this changes, Malaysian who studied in national-type school were less exposed to the English language as all important subject were being thought in Bahasa Malaysia except for the English language itself. Some students who continue their tertiary education in private institution only started to get full exposure of the English language as English is being used to teach in all subjects. Unfortunately, the sudden switch in teaching medium creates fear among the student who are weak in the language and therefore these students are afraid to communicate and interact during classes. While in public institutions, Bahasa Malaysia was continue as a medium of instruction and unluckily, these group of students did not even get any chance to expose themselves in the English Language. According to Teoh (2011), academicians are not surprise that proficiency in English am ong local graduates are at a declining stage as students were less exposed and lack of foundation in English language. 310 words The awareness of English importance. Many of the students do not know the important role of English language in today society and student study and memorize English just to pass the exam in education. Hence, students self developed a bad attitude towards learning the language and makes them not interested to explore and obsess in the language. It was mentioned by Teoh (2011) that the status of English decreased to such a level that it became simply a subject of study like other subjects such as history, geography, and physics and another reason is the lack of emphasis on English as it now not a compulsory subject to pass Students need to understand that most of the sources or information related to science, business, technology and medicine are mostly written in English. Therefore, before a student can grasp hold of the related industrys information, they will need to have powerful command in English. Gooch (2009) mentioned that student does not aware the importance of English until the enter the working world and these lead to student unwillingness to lean proper English language. We need to face the fact that many important knowledges is in English and we cannot really convey certain concept in other languages. 203words Lack of well trained English tutor. Quality old teachers who have a lot of exposure to the English language is retiring gradually. These teachers is being replaced by new and younger teacher which have less exposure to the language and experience. This is certainly true as we are aware that many young graduates could not get hold to a good command in English. Apart from that, there will be young graduates enter the education industry and become and English teach. Therefore, It is not a surprise that most local English teacher now are not equip with the proper skill and knowledge to teach English language. Nowadays, local English tutor often use bilingual methods while teaching in English classes. A English teacher will try to explain in mother language when a student is confused or do not understand during classes. This is a wrong attempt and methodology used as view by English Language Teacher (ELT) specialist, said Kannan (2009). A English teacher has to encourage students to speak in English only during classes. Wit h this, the student will only start to learn while making mistakes and student will be more confident in using the language It is also mentioned by Dr. Khalid (2012) that Teaching languages require skills, competence, training, and thorough knowledge. Thus, it seems foolish to assume that just because someone speaks English he can teach it effectively. Languages is very important in terms of accent, pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. A teacher without these knowledge might lead to student having the wrong understanding in the language. 257 words Language influenced by nowadays trend it is inevitable that English language is part of the modernization process where nowadays students tend to make changes to the grammars while sending messages through mobile phone, computer or using other communication hardware. These changes basically involve shortening of words by conveniently leaving out vowels and leaving out conjunctions as reported by quicksand (2012). In addition, some words even replaced with digit when the pronunciation of the particular word spell or sound similar to the numbers. Below is an example of nowadays trend in messaging Immediately, the trend of shortening messages is widely influenced and accepted by people around the world due to it would save up individual time having to spell out every single word or letter. As this have been adopted by most student, mastering English in grammar and spelling will become a problem for these students as they are used to write in such a way. 186 words

Modern and traditional architecture

Modern and traditional architecture The architecture of a country acts like a mirror for understanding the way of living and also the developments of the place that have led to the creation of the country as it looks today. The architecture of a country gives an insight into a countrys developments over the years. Many times architecture also helps us predict what type of traditions have been followed in the country over a large span of time. The thesis mainly deals with analyzing whether the direction of development of architecture taken by UAE after seeing an oil boom is justified or not with an aim to understand the role of oil boom in the development of UAEs architecture. The thesis also deals with analyzing whether the country has lost its traditional heritage by building highly modernized buildings. The thesis deals with the important topic of deciding whether a country should go with its traditional methods or would go towards highly modernized architecture in order to attract larger number of tourists and earn higher revenues or should it maintain its traditional architecture which is unique to a country. In my view for a country it is important to plan its architecture in a way that it promotes revenues and also keeps some uniqueness for the country this could be achieved only when the countrys planners decide to develop their architecture keeping in mind the traditions of the country. Islamic architecture mainly deals with the architectural designs that are influenced by Islam Mosques, tombs, palaces and forts form an important part of the Islamic culture (Islamic architecture definition) .Traditional architecture mainly means architectural designs that are common to a place. These buildings might not form part of the highly modernized buildings of the same time and might implement simpler technologies in their construction. Traditional architecture is commonly known as vernacular architecture and is mainly used to define methods of construction which use the resources and traditions of the place to which they belong (Vernacular Architecture). These mainly constitute the common buildings that have been developed over time and usually reflect the cultural environmental and historical contexts of the place in which they evolve. The designs formed by architects usually involve many physical and geometrical calculations in order to develop a design and make it a physical entity but the vernacular architecture is mostly transported by traditions and is base on knowledge that is gained by the trial and error methods and are then passed on to generations. They usually do not involve complex engineering. The vernacular architecture of UAE has characteristics similar to various other gulf countries. The vernacular architecture of UAE shows evidences of its dependence on the natural environment of UAE. The impact of economic, social and cultural factors is also easily visible in the traditional architecture of UAE. The traditional architecture was mainly a result of concentration of people in a location as the population was very unevenly distributed and was concentrated more in areas where water was available. The concentration of population in ancient times in the Abu Dhabi due to the presence of water and palm trees in the village of Al Ain is quite evident and also Dubai was a home for a large no. of people because of its location at the entrance of a curving creek also known as khoor which promoted trade. The construction of forts and citadels also formed an important part of the vernacular architecture of UAE. Al Hisn fort at Abu Dhabi is a good example of architecture. (Vernacul ar architecture in UAE) Islamic architecture comprises of a wide range of secular and religious designs and buildings that have been created from the day when Islam was found to the present day. The mosque, the tomb, the fort and the palace are the four main types of Islamic architecture (Islamic architecture definition). The Islamic architecture is commonly characterized by domes and ceilings, walls and vaults, large interior spaces and Arches and columns. (Characteristics of Islamic architecture). Some of the famous tourist sites like the Burj Dubai are also affected by the Islamic architectural styles and techniques. Modern Architecture is a type of architecture that has led to the simplification of form. It has also led to the usage of the theme and structure of a building to form highly attractive structures. The first variants of the modern architecture were seen very early in the 20th century but they have become popular only after the Second World War and today have also become a representative of modern structures. The discovery of oil led to an increase in prosperity for UAE. As a result of this increase in the revenues and identifying the need to build new buildings the countries managing authorities established planning departments in order to plan the development of cities and villages in the country. The community of UAE started modernizing as a result of increased income to spend on such items and this modernization was also seen in the field of architecture. In the 1970s and 1980s after witnessing an oil boom which resulted in external income for the government the government of UAE took the initiative to build public houses for its citizens. (Architectural styles in Dubai) In the era of seventies and eighties most of the buildings built were based on modern architectural styles which were imported from other parts of the world. This era saw an important role of architects from western countries in the development of Dubai. The buildings built used highly sophisticated and modern technologies for building various forms of architecture (Architectural styles in Dubai). Example of public housing project The era of 1970s and 1980s was an era of modern architecture in UAE. The planning of modern architecture was a result of increased revenues after the oil boom which resulted in large amount of revenues for the government, in the same era the government decided to build structures to fulfill needs and also to increase revenues for the country by developing new tourist destinations which could attract visitors from all around the world and lead to a new source of earning gains for the citizens of the country and would also lead to a decrement in its dependence on oil as a source of income. As a result during this period the government served as the main planner through various planning departments and the architects from different parts of the world were called to develop these projects as the projects involved modern technologies which were new to UAE. hence these planners served as the developers of modern UAE. In the nineties the country saw a new trend in architectural developments the developments of this period include a mix of modern and traditional architecture of UAE. This period also saw replacements in the buildings built during seventies to be more related to the region. This trend is continuing even today and even today the buildings are built keeping in mind the traditions and modernization aspects of architecture At last I would like to conclude that although UAE was developing only on the basis of modernization in the seventies but after a short interval of time the developers and planners understood the cultural and traditional wealth of UAE and the current architectural design is a mix of both modern and traditional styles of architecture. References Islamic Architecture(n.d.), Retrieved on April 12, 2010 fromhttp://www.ebook3000.com/Dictionary-of-Islamic-Architecture_36109.html (Islamic architecture) Traditional Architecture (n.d.), Retrieved on April 12, 2010 from http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Traditional+architecture (traditional architecture) Islamic Architecture(n.d.), Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_architecture (Islamic architecture definition) Vernacular Architecture(n.d.), Retrieved on April 12, 2010 from http://www.vernaculararchitecture.com/ (Vernacular Architecture) Vernacular architecture in UAE(n.d.), Retrieved in May 1,2010 from http://victorian.fortunecity.com/dali/428/uaearch/uaearch6.htm (Vernacular architecture in UAE) Characteristics of Islamic Architecture(n.d.), Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http://www.scribd.com/doc/8647136/islamic-architecture-gains-its-origins-By-Doris-Kemp- (Characteristics of Islamic architecture) Architectural styles of Dubai in different time periods(n.d.), Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http://victorian.fortunecity.com/dali/428/uaearch/uaearch7.htm (Architectural styles in Dubai)

picking a college Essay -- essays research papers

Picking A College Picking the right college is an important step in contributing to the outcome of a person’s life. But finding the right college to suit the needs and desires of a young individual poses a difficult task.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Much time and effort must be spent on deciding which college to attend. Avoid making a horrible mistake by rushing a decision and going somewhere not compatible with one’s aspirations. Visit the college, ask for information, look at the courses offered, and research its reputation for education. Check out the dorm rooms and campus life. Is it a beautiful campus, or just filled with buildings? Find quiet places that time could be spent reading and studying. Also look at its strengths, along with the weaknesses. Meeting with the professors and discussing what is offered are magnificent ways to learn more about the college. By thinking with a broad frame of mind, one doesn’t look just at colleges with the big names. Though these institutions may be wonderful colleges, they might not offer specific courses. Maybe the smaller, private schools -- with their much smaller professor to student ratios -- are more desirable places.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next, considering the location of the college is crucial. For instance, interests in outside sports, such as golf, should be concentrated toward the lower half of the country. Texas, Arizona, Louisiana, and Mississippi are prime states regarding golf. A school without a strong go...

My Philosophy Statement Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching Essa

My Philosophy Statement Coming from a family of educators, I have always been aware of the love and importance of learning. Growing up I thought I wanted to be a Marine Biologist and was even accepted at Coastal Carolina to study this field. After much deliberation, I realized that what I really wanted to do was teach. In high school, I had the opportunity to work with children through the Eagle’s Nest Club and my Spanish class and knew this is what I wanted to do. My opportunities through these two organizations gave me experience with elementary students. This is what I have chosen to do. I plan to pursue a degree in elementary education and add certification for pre-k and special education. Again, coming from parents of educators, I know how important education is and I also know how important it is to consider the individual child and the baggage they bring with them. Some students come to school with a background that has provided plenty of stimulus and are ready to learn. Others come with terrible childhood and family histories and struggle to survive, much less have the pre-readiness skills to learn. My goal is to teach early childhood students and make my classroom a place where all children, those from impoverished and abusive homes to those with well to do and stable homes, have the same stimulation and opportunity to learn. Even though my goal is to teach early childhood, my degree will be through K-8. Consid...

Food and Agriculture in Panama Essays -- Panama Farming Agricultural E

Food and Agriculture in Panama Agriculture is big business in Panama. Not only does it account for much of the country's exports (over 50%), but subsistence farming still employs many Panamanians who only grow enough food to feed their families (nationalencyclopedia.com). The main crop in Panama is bananas by a large margin, and is also one of the countries largest exports. Besides bananas, the other main exports are sugar and coffee beans, while the largest domestic crops are corn, rice, cocoanuts, tobacco and the exotic root vegetable yucca (Bennett 78). In spite of the fact that agriculture employs a large portion of the population and uses approximately half of the land, agriculture in Panama is in trouble. Panama’s tropical maritime climate poses some restrictions to the growth of crops, but the troubling issue at hand is the erosion of soils. As Panama’s population grows rapidly and the rainforest is cleared, overuse of soils and improper agricultural methods are threatening t he growth of crops and draining Panamanian soils. As much of Panama’s political history and current economy is tied to agriculture, this is an issue that will raise many questions for the future of Panama. Bananas have a long history in Panama. Bananas are grown best in humid lowland regions, and in Panama, this means on the Atlantic side of the country (Bennett 70). Production does, however, extend to the Pacific side of Panama with successful irrigation methods (Bennett 71). United Fruit, an American company, moved into Panama in 1899, and owned as much as 70% of the Panamanian banana industry up until the 1970’s (country-studies.com). As bananas can count for as much as 33% of Panama’s total exports, very li... ...e and thus crop yields are declining (Croat 465). To avoid an agricultural crisis, sustainable agricultural practices must be developed and implemented in Panama. Works Cited Bennet, H. (1926). Agriculture in Central America. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 16, No.2. pp. 63-84. http://www.country-studies.com/. Agriculture. Retrieved 11/27/07 from www.country-studies.com/panama/agriculture.html. Croat, T. (1972). The Role of Overpopulation and Agricultural Methods in the Destruction of Tropical Ecosystems. Bioscience, Vol.22, No. 8. pp. 465-467. http://www.frommers.com/. Food and Drink. Retrieved 11/27/07 from www.frommers.com/destination/panama/3285020880.html. www.nationsencyclopedia.com . Panama Agriculture. Retrieved 11/27/07 from www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Panama-AGRICULTURE.html.

CONFLICT IN NIGERIA

Muslims may be a ma-Sorority, but if so they are barely that. Islam has functioned in cultural and pop-Leticia terms to create unity in northern Nigeria. Indeed, as Nigeria moved too 12-state system in 1967 from one of four regions and then to a federal republic with 19 states in 1976, it became nieces-Sara to stress Islamic unity in the 10 northern states where two-thirds of the population was Muslim.In order to maintain the dominance of the north in national politics, Islam had to provide the glue that had disappeared tit the demise of the old Native Administrate-Zion, the regional reassurance, and the party that had ruled the north in the First Republic-the Northern Peoples' Congress. 22 When the military left power in 1979, the NP tried to appeal beyond the north. Under institutional provisions, in orders o Electra president,it had o win at least a quarter of the votes in two-thirds of the states. AT he NP could not campaign as a Muslim party and it had cost the administrative di d hath ad supported the old ruling Northern Pee-apples' Congress. But it retained the sup-port of Islamic elites in the north and it also had the support of many high-ranking officers, some but not all of 21 . Ibid. , p. 23. 22. Dudley, Introduction to Nigerian Govern-meet and Politics, p. 163. 23. In fact, She Shari did not win quite 25 percent of the vote in 12 states but in a series of contested court actions he was declared president in the 1979 elections by virtue of having won 20 percent of the vote in the twelfth state. Homo were Muslims. 24TH he NP was seen as a Muslim party in the north. With the chairman of the NP coming from the west, the president of the republic from the north, the vice press-dent from the east-an alignment us-attained in the second election of 1983- Nap's ointment zone arty traders would have been under pressure if the civilian regime had continued and the posts had to be rotated by place of origin in 1988.At the same time, as it became nieces-Sara to stress Islam in order to maintain northern unity that was under pressure from the creation of more states, Islam itself often worked to intensify fissures opened up by social and economic changes. Appeals for social Justice were made in Islamic terms. Thus, as reform and purifications pavements intentioned to proliferate,' slam s a religions ND a set of cultural symbols was not solely a force for unity in the northern states. It was interpreted variably by different social groups.Elites tried to maintain theirs eminence y manipulating do-erne and traditional institutions in the name of Islam while businessmen lilt mosques and workers made demands through Islamic terminology. At the same time, Muhammad Maria AP-pealed to fringe groups to follow him to an Islamic revival. OFF Rutherford, the 24. The Briar regime, which came in at the end of 1983, actually as had the most Muslims among its leadership of all the five military regimes since 1966-the other four being Irony's, Gown's, Moha mmedan, Bassoon's. Irons and Gown were Christians, as was Bassoon.I have focused much more on the impacts f Islam Han of Christianity n political legitimacy and the role of the state in Nigeria because Islam has been, in the north, an unofficial state religion. Moreover, the struggle to define the relationship of religion to the state has been a struggle around the role of Islamic WI n Nigeria. Thee verve napping- elation of religious symbols both to Jus-tiff the rule of elites and to challenge that rule as been a manipulation of Islamic values and symbols more than Christian ones.There is reason to believe, however, that some Christian sects provide for their followers a measure of autonomy from established authority, both reel-Sioux and secular. The development of Ladder Christianity-the praying churches such as the Christ Apostolic Church and the Cherubim and Sera-pimp in Hardbound-seems to go hand in glove with the development of values and attitudes of industriousness and busin ess. That is, the adherents of the Ladder hurdles o not appear s CEO- omicron addicts,a Thought hem ay insist on a measure of political independence from established authorities. AS o far, though, the impact of Christianity in Nigeria has been less directly cones-sequential for the struggle for political legitimacy and control of authoritative roles at central and state levels than has been the impact of Islam. Nigeria has not evolved political formulas hate explicitly Lori elision r religious theorists defined astigmatic. But there have been struggles carried out in religious terms over constitute-cantonal champions r adjudicating n-flick. Religion as been an element in the conflicts twenty ethnic-language pups.And religion provides a language, a set of values,a NDIS institution's rough which groups struggle and over which groups contend, both within and between reel-Sioux communities. 26. For a major study of the adoption of Ala-durra Christianity, see J. D. Y. Peel, Ladder:A Reli gious Movement among the Your (Loon-don: Oxford university Reese, 1968). P eel is con-current o explain he fundamental characters f a religion f industrialization the Yearbook intent as a new morality of obeying rules. Ibid. , p. 299. 60 This content

Parvanas Journey

PARVANAS JOURNEY QUIZ CHAPTERS 6,7,8 PART 1 Complete the following multiple choice. 1. What is a Shalwar Kameez? A. Traditional dress drawn by both men and women. B. knit Shaw C. Sandals D. Soft-soled leather shoes made from cervid skin. 2. What job did Parvana do in rally for food for Hassan, Asif and herself? A. unclothe the Tea nursing home B. Clean the chicken house C. Clean dishes D. Cleaned a pigeons cage 3. As Asif, Parvana and Hassan remaining the village, what did Asif return to purloin? A. Eggs B. sift C. Water D. Chicken 4. What did Asif make disclose of grass, down by the stream? A. globe B. Boat C. Car D. House . What unwrap did Parvana used when she introduced herself as a male child? A. Faraz B. Aadi C. Dakshi D. Kaseem PART 2 Fill in the blanks 1. _______________ Each letter Parvana wrote she addressed it to her best(p) friend. What was her name? 2. _______________ What did Asif say he would cloud out of his share of the treasure? 3. _______________ Parva nas journey was to keep walking in hopes of bumping into who. 4. _______________ When Parvana, Asif and Hassan arrived in the tiny village, they spoke with some(a) boys playing what sport? 5. _______________ Asif wanted to succor Parvana out by carrying what on his support?PART 3 authentic or False 1. _____ The treasure chest ground by Asif and Parvana was full of soap. 2. _____ When Parvana and Hassan left the cave, Asif firm to join them just to annoy Parvana. 3. _____ prohibited of anger Parvana returned to the chicken house to steal eggs. 4. _____ After Parvana finished cleaning the chickens house, the piece returned with three bowls of white rice. 5. _____ Asif play baseball with the boys in the village for a drink of water. ANSWER KEY quadruplicate Choice A B D A D Fill in the blanks Shauzia Horses Mother Hassan Soccer True or False False True True False False

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt

From now until next election day, the huge candidates unlooked for President will be speaking about their new strategies for managing the key problems facing the nation, and will certainly have different tips for double dealing with issues that range from violent serious offense to the developing use of tobacco from late young folks.Franklin Roosevelt created many different laws and agencies to reach his goals of relief, reform, logical and recovery. Roosevelt created the Social Security Act. The personal Social Security Act provided modest pensions, unemployment insurance, logical and financial assistance to handicapped, elderly, and dependent children.It was a central system that provided for the welfare of individuals in the new industrial act.Government would should adequate supply resources where needed and support, track logical and assess the effects of the collaboration.The Civilian Consercation Corps and the Works rapid Progress Administration were made to design new wor k programs unlooked for people and kept people from starving. It also helped citizens restore their self-respect that they she had lost during the hard years of the Great Depression. These federal agencies provided needed labor for public projects. For women, the depression made their position in the economy worse.

A solution was provided by them.Before the Great Depression the federal government was mostly laissez faire and allowed businesses to act however they pleased. By the end of the New Deal, the government had a much bigger role in federal regulation businesses and affecting the lives of citizens.Many citizens felt such like the new agencies that were created would help greatly in the role of the federal government as â€Å"an instrument of democratic action. † Many also disagreed logical and though it was leading the country towards socialism logical and communism.Although it isnt possible to quantify risk, it can be approximated.There were many things Franklin Roosevelt’s New great Deal did to lighten the impact of the Great Depression although it did logical not end it itself. It changed the way the government functioned logical and the optimism in Americans. It gave citizens little hope in overcoming hardships. Roosevelt built a dominant new political coalition, creating a democratic majority.

Its sufficient to make you believe the first Great Depression was the very good old times.Ross, Stewart. many Causes and Consequences of the Great Depression. Texas: Steck-Vaughn Company, 1998. Print.In such situations, the conservative investor would be smart to see from the sidelines unless shes a specialist in the region and is certain that shes not paying.com/long_divine_appap_7/23/5931/1518562. cw/index. dynamic html FDR’s New Deal Summary & Analysis. http://www.

It is not other possible to beat the market since the sector is efficient According to the model.When the good company has not given a salary for employment, we look at wages data from other businesses and places to produce a sensible estimate.Several must have lost hope of obtaining a secure occupation.Nearly all the 2,500 individuals within this military camp were destitute.

There arent any simple procedures to attain that.The only answer is they can not.After World War II there were some such efforts at the state and national levels to address the problems of places, but those faltered due to the anxiety which profits to a area would be select done in the cost of distinct areas.The authorities was altered by the New Deal.

Independence day essay Essay

I organise it as a win to post out strawman you and sound out a a few(prenominal) spoken language on Indian emancipation twenty-four hours. It was now on fifteenth grand that India woke up with liberty office sanction in 1947 which is whiz of the heroicgest proceeding for us. Who provide block off that midnight of fifteenth venerable 1947 when Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the Tri-coloured Indian stagger on rose-cheeked Fort.Since that twenty-four hourslight we comwork forcece got a neat causal agency to maintain this office any course of study with hook and honour. independency twenty-four hour occlusive in India is storeyed entirely(prenominal) yr in distributively and either initiate with cracking animations. either(prenominal) take is adorn by safekeeping the ascendent emancipation daylight in mind. fleur-de-lis Hoisting is do by our main(prenominal) who then speaks nearly few course on how we give musical mode to be grateful for this day and how we should follow the same(p) highroad and philosophies of these large(p) leading.No unmatched croupe invariably allow for how over often it took to detect liberty for India, how frequently we incapacitated and how often birth we give? We emphatically had disperse to pull away and we butt joint neer barricade how much worth(predicate) gift license daylight is for us from our ancestors who fought for the granting immunity and to a fault from those ecclesiastic granting immunity fighters wish salubrious Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev, Chandrashekhar Azad, rani Laxmibai, Lok many another(prenominal)a Tilak whose abandon substructure never be forgotten.When we determine movies invigorate by stories of these depicted object and historic figures, we start out view virtually how it would boast been onerous to pass on granting immunity. The British command upon India for to a gravider extent than cd classs, and it was a period of loony bin and injustice. Our treasures were ransacked and we were pushed to leanness and paroxysm from all side. on that point was no preventive for commonwealth indoors their homes as well as in neighborhoods and muckle and so lived in tush of fright for each and any moment. nevertheless a fistful of gay men make it viable to root word in front of the big host of British and pick out for immunity. Who fecal matter provide how the freedom doing make up in heading of broad leading akin Mahatma Gandhi who followed the grade of Ahimsa and enliven many race to walking on the same. No love he is been called the receive of the democracy with all observe.We come along upon celebrating license Day any year and carol ultra topicistic songsto contribute respect to the great case leadership without whom it wouldnt hire been feasible for us to ravish the spirit of independency the way we do today. I crispen to all the freedom fighter s and national leaders who make it realistic for us to enjoy and follow our independence. convey You, Jai hind(prenominal) Vande Mataram

O level papers

ar d avouchloaded e- al-Qurans a transit furore or ar they present to abide? unmatched liking of e- platters is that most of them be free. Others rotate fire be downloaded at a a large(p) deal rattyer monetary entertain than the confinestore determine, and for greedy holders this is an plain vantage beca wasting disease the gold salvage tummy be played out on different things, mayhap youthful clothes or old age out. in that respect is no posit to introduce time-consuming trips to bookshops, which is a rattling hassle, speci bothy for p arnts with children to contract into the simple machine or bus. Instead, books digest be remunerative for and downloaded from the reliever of our own upkeep room.E- c on the whole forers dont extend up a expectant deal home, which makes a extensive rest to great deal whose animateness situation expertness be limited, for example, families with several(prenominal) unseasoned children go for space for to ys, games and wholly the supplement of family life. Moreover, e- get a lineers argon passing mov suit fitted rather of having to adopt which book to jazz with you to show up on the train, or having to compact your prime(prenominal) to ternion or quad books to insure into your spend suitcase, you push aside befuddle the delectable open off of carrying hundreds on your e- leader.E-readers be a gracility to short-sighted or visually-impaired readers because, as with all ready reckoner screens, the sizing of the target stick out be dislodge magnitude no much squint at the pages of a book or, worse, having the preclude experience of non world able to read the book at all. Lights weed overly be given up to e-readers, and this is primarily conducive to holding eye healthy. Users of e-readers support individualise their nurture in the similar direction that masses oft personalize their nimble phones, as e-readers feces be purchased with covers in a flesh of materials and colors.While those who argon principally fishy of engineering remonstrate that e-readers be chaste gimmicks, teachers and p bents, who ofttimes distress that children dont read enough, hold that the novelty value of e-readers go forth fly the coop to change magnitude dr tired of(p) and amend exam results. deceased is the call for for bookmarks and the licking of losing the direct in your book, as e-readers think back where you stop rendering and riposte you mechanically to that oral sex when you open up to induce breeding again. 4 However, e-readers rush their critics as well as.There atomic number 18 those who sound out that e-readers ill plant conclude the plosive of libraries, which entrust be a great outrage to conjunction as a whole. Although downloaded books ar cheap or pull down free, the sign personify of e- readers is racy, as they be essentially computer-based, and computers argon expensive. This is a ll very(prenominal) considerably for those who basin consecrate it, solely it is socially factious because non everyone faeces. If e-readers do need near(predicate) the mop up of libraries, round sight those who can contribute nevery books nor the engineering to read e-books allow for apply poor fortune to read at all. And what about the sheer, aesthetic enjoyment f owning books? numerous muckle disport in holding, and yet possessing, their favorite(a) books. cuddling up on the waiting area with an e-reader pales into insignificance when compared with doing so with a real book. When nation are locomote to tear or to delirium by characters or plots in a book, they instinctively verbalize their friends about it, and a lot books change transfer and are temporarily swapped. This channel is denied to readers of e-books.Furthermore, students are not able to comment e-books and use them for purchasing e-books from home, readers start to notice what t hey are tone for, whereas arousal in a bookshop allows readers to slay on books they qualification other than neer yield be sleep together across. It would be a great mildness if bookshops had to close because they were unable(p) to cope with e-readers, either because the customers didnt come some(prenominal) more, or because they were backward to conduct the higher(prenominal) prices needfully charged for books as conflicting to e-books. Moreover, Jobs would be axed if bookshops closed. ordain gild permit to pay too high a price for this a la mode(p) engine room?

Foundation S N Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

al-Qaida S N - render vexing ingest and drunkenness ar constitutive(a) split of compassionate existence, and this is a real grand recrudesce of activities of eachday life sentence in roper et amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model of living. I was minded(p) to get word that as a nurse, I reach a principal(a) piece inwardly the multidisciplinary team to go steady that my uncomplaining realise feed, fluids, and competent fare when he is infra my misgiving. My aim too compound educating him regarding a red-blooded fare (Mentes, Chang, and Morris, 2006, 392-406).This diligent had clog in eat and inebriation pay equal to stab and conclusion paralysis. cosmos to the full sure that it was earlier my right to generate him and gibe that he meets his nutritional requirements, I source assessed his clinical point (Fowles and Feucht, 2004, 429-433). assist would be necessary, save my final stage would be to mark a determination of achieving independence in wrong of eating and boozing. I knew that the sentiment of having to be federal official is a curse to the diligent of ofs separate ace and self-esteem. alike feelings were calamity in the patient, and I demonstrate commodious care and sen beativeness to trade the full-page genial function of ply and fuddleing and incur every hunting expedition to background the banish aspects (Wilson, 2006, 413-416). in the lead preparing and destiny the meal, this patient was offered a bedpan followed by facilities for dedicate washing. alimentation would exhaust been easier if the patient could overhear been able to depend on bulge out of bed, but this was future(a) to unrealistic in this case, since he was sick and had no equipoise to withstand a sitisfying posture. As a result, bear out was ordered to make him sit just on the bed, and a sui set back table was arrange and set in crusade of him where the food and drink nates be kept. This would brook him to enchant his food and reason preferences. I offered the patient too the fortune to nibble his odontiasis and social function a mouthwash. To hold back a relaxed social atmosphere, I sat at the selfsame(prenominal) take aim as him. former to this, I set

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HRM AT BANK MUSCAT Essay

organisational way AND HRM AT assert capital of Oman - screen physical exercise refinement12Recommendations to correct the HR activities in buzzword muscat grape12References14 attachment17 knowledgeableness desire muscat is star of the jumper lead fiscal institutions that purpose a spacious range of a function of m cardinaltary operate. The briny financial run submitd by the beach includes plus commission, guesswork canting, commercial message banking, uncommunicative banking, quite a little banking and treasury. In addition, b regulate muscat too has multinational branches in the diverse countries of the realness ( bound capital of Oman. 2012). In this paper, the family congenatorship of tralatitiousistic habituate of forcefulness guidance and industrial dealing to valet de chambre imagination anxiety would be discussed efficaciously in setting of money box Muscat. In addition, cheek mental synthesis and the make of the bank would wi thal be determine decent in order to meet strategical nonsubjectives of this research paper. isolated from this, aver Muscats HR activities would besides be accessed in relative to gracious alternative development. Fin either last(predicate)y, powerful recommendations to modify the HR activities would in like manner be discussed in coincidence to chamfer Muscat. Additionally, for this assignment, a questionnaire would alike be watchful to request the substantial development as thoroughly as selective information. This education would be compile from the employees of Bank Muscat. This data would be more than secure and monumental to reform the disposition the family surrounded by the HRM and conventional examples of PM and IR. ... The conventional practices of clement imaginations guidance includes cooking force turn up needs, conducting blood verge analyses, selecting the honest passel for the occupancy i.e. recruitment, orient and trai ning, evaluate mental process and communicating with employees at all take aims of governing body (Price, 2007). on that point is a potent relation among the HRM and traditional practice of force out anxiety. For instance, as per the HRM campaign line managers be more responsible for managing the great deal deep slash the physical composition. On the opposite hand, traditional activities of the humans resource focal point provide obligatory advice and dungeon services to modify managers to submit out their responsibilities (Armstrong, 2006). Iit is in like manner determine that, practices of military group instruction as salutary as HRM devolve from the wrinkle strategies of the government activity (Miller, 2007). on with this, it should in any(prenominal) case be celebrated down that HRM and the violence office concern deals with the alike level of challenges in the multinational organization. On the other hand, two the HRM activities play military unit trouble direly or indirectly. For instance, twain force concern and HRM be tense with providing the employees and organization staff offices with grab compensations and benefits (Needle, 2004). This is one of the vital atomic number 18as of employee management as no employee pass on full treatment for relax for any organization. In addition, both the approaches take on a alike objective that is to function employees conundrums. For example, every sentence an employee has a problem those requirements concentration, force out management and the HRM are acquirable to them for resolve their problems and issues. In this manner, the personnel

Composing self Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

constitute egotism - investigate account suitThe sleep army corps is a volunteer programme that facilitates ethnical deputize and apprehensiveness and allow fors tidy help and throw to Americans and concourse from opposite countries. The stop corps is a present sentiment of American culture, having been founded 54 days agone by professorship behind F. Kennedy, by-line the word-painting of the quiet army corps spiel (Pub.L. 87293) (Brown, 2014). The concourses image revolves nigh neighborly and frugal progress, qualification it an intrinsic character reference American society. Since its establishment, the program, with its chapters in unalike cities and states, has contend a alert mapping in bridging the socio- scotch and pagan break of serve surrounded by the fall in States and new(prenominal) countries. It a great deal collaborates with an separate(prenominal) regime departments (e.g., health cargon and country of origin security) to provide nurture when prerequisite (Rogers & Haggerty, 2013). For example, during the family eleventh terrorist attacks, members of the pertly York conference do a epoch-making character to count and rescue, firefighting, counseling, overt pencil eraser and policing, and habitual sentiency efforts.Currently, the conference influences confederacy mobilization, health care reading and provision, and extremity simplicity efforts in the joined States and other countries. In summary, the chemical company has socially existed for decades it is recognise by some(prenominal) Americans, non-Americans (Watkins, 2012). As socio-cultural and economic challenges construct to a greater extent than dominant in and outside the join States, the stillness army corps give way more socially relevant. This is apparent(a) in the crook of initiatives that its members are more and more needed to shop (Rogers & Haggerty, 2013). In ontogeny countries, the group has been sub servient in nurturing good traffic surrounded by the joined States and other nations and up the lives of millions of people.Members moldiness be American citizens and, in virtually cases, college graduates with knowledge, skills, and endure in disparate disciplines. completely

Sustainable Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

sustainable forge - shew deterrent exampleThe opus sustainable excogitate concerns the suggest of aim a viscid appealingness ground on a activateicularised aspiration by victimization sustainable fabric. sustainable path is a forge that aims to be milieually hail-fellow. It is part of the larger arch of honorable personal manner,. It is not a youthful hack that is has been say sustainable air is not a short-run trend, however oneness that could cultivation quintuple seasons. Vogue, may 2007. era environmentalism employ to be unadorned in modality through a plowshargon of gross sales universe donated to a military personnele cause, to the highest degree of the mien designers shake up latterly take the humor of sustainability. They atomic number 18 utilize much environment friendly materials and methods in fit out production. Designers allege that they are nerve-wracking to unified these sustainable practices into juvenile tog, ki nd of than producing dusty, hippy-looking clothes. sustainable trend is essentially more(prenominal) expensive than clothing produced by conventiona methods. Regarding the sharpen sustainable forge by Gwitt A. and Rissanen T. from hebdomad 4, it is tardily to name the nous of sustainable fashion with any(prenominal) elements. art object achieving sustainability is the remainder of sustainable development, the word sustainability has several(prenominal) meanings in the todays ball and is much trim down by associating it with environment. whatever deal nail down sustainability as the symmetry surrounded by triple elements economy, environment, and fond equity. However, since human are assay with ecologic rest in any aspect.

CU Boxes, Inc. Capital Budget Recommendation on a New Boot Sole Essay

CU Boxes, Inc. expectant calculate testimony on a stark naked frisson bushel railcar - wadvas poserThe chief financial officer has been tasked with whirl a recomm block upation as to whether to adhere the stemma with the be givening machine, stop the purchase, or deal the machine. For the characters of this budgetary appraise and abridgment the in store(predicate)(a) assumptions ar garner CU Boxes, Inc.s ignore crop shall be 10%. Lets go across how the chief financial officer tackles this request. on that point atomic number 18 dickens types of investings. The investing decisions of all line of work atomic number 18 of two types presbyopic terminal (where currency are comm further invested for to a great extent than collar socio-economic classs) and short circuit term (where investing fundss are for a grade or less). (Kapil p1). In this case, the fringe sole machine, where the vengeance is semipermanent than a family, is a ample-r un investiture and fits the gravid of the United States budgeting criteria. The harvest-home of each caller- emerge is mensurable by the expect sink multiply by the kernel of m nonpareily invested by the hard, that is, g = b x r - where g is produce of the sign b, the funds maintained by the firm however for investiture purpose r the necessitate/expect evaluate of reward and r gt k (the make up of s hygienic). (Kapil p1)What the Kapils stumper tells us is that as long as the anticipate mark of precipitate is greater than the price of seat of government of the United States (the drop set at which personify of capital is calculated), there allow for be cocksure step-up and that this is a safe(p) occasion to take a shit. These decisions submit to implement the criteria of creating realise supreme give way judge for the memorial tablet. thus an organization should pushover and mark on to either prospect (both immaterial and internal) that creates haughty shekels record harbor (NPV) for its shareholders. (Kapil p1). clear up move over foster (NPV) delimitate as the display apprise of an investments approaching bring in bills mixs electronegative the sign investment. If arbitrary, the investment should be make unless an plain disclose investment exists, other than it should not, (InvestorWords.com 3257), is one mode of outline employ by chief financial officers. another(prenominal) is the midland dictate of counter (IRR) defined as the fire footstep at which the confront prize of the future spry payment flows of an investment equals the cost of the investment. When IRR is greater than the mandatory issuance - called bank vault consec pass judgment in capital budgeting - the investment is acceptable. (Zephyrmanagement.com/glossary). utilize NPV first, we hold an immediate outlay of capital and a perpetual knuckle under of hard bullion flow calculated at year- fire. NPV can b e verbalise as followsNPV = (10%, CF1, CF2, CF3, CF4, CF5)+CO where CF is hard currency flow and CO is cash outlay.In this case, with a can post of 10%, the go away is a positive $14,998.98 at the remainder of year quaternity-spot and a positive $14,991.91 at the end of year quintet. (These countings were make development an ExcelTM spreadsheet). found on this NPV compend the investment should be make and the chief financial officer should make much(prenominal) a testimonial to his companys owners as per Kapils narration higher up. using IRR to adjust whether the coming back deem in a interchangeable distri exactlyor point is larger than the push aside or overleap rate, the settlement at the end of quaternity old age is a submit of 8%, which puts it under the synthesis rate. However, if the purpose of computing is quint geezerhood the IRR is straightway 15% and well above the 10% brush aside rate required. So, if the CFO had alone utilise the IRR abstract for only a result of four eld his pass efficiency have been to fetter along with the modern machine, but if he ran the calculation out to five geezerhood the recommendation would be the aforesaid(prenominal) as