Turkey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Turkey - Research penning ExampleThe region is heavily populated with a population of 77.8 million. There are 257.6 people per lame miles in Turkey. The fact that the country has a large population relative to its size is a reasoned business proposition because there a lot of potential customers looking to spend. A business riskiness associated with Turkey is the fact that country is one of the worlds most earthquake prone regions (CultureGrams, 2011). An valuable factor that determines the viability of penetration in a region is the income of the population. Turkey has a gross domestic convergence per capita of $11,500. Agriculture is the bulk of the economy providing for the majority of the exports of Turkey. Agriculture provides a high percentage of the jobs, but it represents a low percentage of the gross domestic product. The main agricultural products produced in Turkey are cotton, tobacco, novel fruits, olives, cereal, nuts, livestock and opium for medical purposes. The manufacturing sector in Turkey employees about a quarter of the population and it represents well-nigh 50% of the gross domestic product. Tourism is a growing industry in Turkey. Inflation is traditionally high in Turkey and it is currently hovering at around 10% (CultureGrams, 2011). The dominant religion in Turkey is Sunni Muslim with 99% of the population practicing this religion. Turkish is the official language of Turkey.

Finance report on Engro Corporation (Pakistan) Essay

Finance report on Engro pot (Pakistan) - Essay practiceThe overall per capita income is approximately $1250 with low literacy rates and high existence growth rates. Pakistan is considered as a develop country due to different factors such as higher mortality rates, low literacy ratio, high population growth rates, higher levels of poverty, lack of health care facilities, poor education system etc. It is however, burning(prenominal) to note that Pakistans economy has suffered a lot in recent seasons due to war on terror which has created hearty law and order situation. (CIA The World Factbook 2011)Pakistan has its own Institute of Chartered Accountants which is also affiliated with the major international accountancy bodies. Over the period of time, accountancy as a barter has evolved in the country and Pakistan also exports its accountants to GCC countries especially due to overall quality and strength of its accountancy profession.Engro Corporation is a diversified company engaged in fertilizer, food as well as cipher sector. The primary markets of the firm are Pakistan where it mostly sells its output however, it also plans to expand its food business in North America also. (Najeeb 2011). Major competitors of firm include Fauji Fertilizer Limited, Nestle Limited, and Unilever Pakistan etc. Company labor Assets Market Cap Employees Engro Corp Conglomerate 132,105M 55748.035M2 32023 Pak Packages Food, Beverage 39,625.0M 8.800Bn4 300 Unilever 5Pakistan FMCG 13,554.00M 75.2Bn NA Fauji Fertilizer6 Fertilizer 74,016.94M 131.8Bn 100-500 PSO7 Oil trade 202,247.7M 40.90Bn 2000 Lotte Pak8 Chemical 22,896.00M 16.80Bn 2279 The above data about the companies are present on the official website of the Karachi assembly line Exchange where all these firms are listed. 2(a) Engro Corp is required to publish its annual audited report in abidance of various domestic as well as international legislation requirements. It prepares following pecuniary directions10 1 . oddment Sheet 2. Profit and Loss Account ( along with statement of ecumenical income) 3. Cash flow statement 4. Statement of changes in equity The first three notes to the accounts discuss following Legal Status and trading operations In this note the firm has discussed its legal status and operations while at the same time giving a bifurcation of its balance sheet to outline different segments of its business. Note 2 provides the summary of the significant accounting policies adapted by the firm and discusses different policies such as basis of preparation of the accounts, occupation and interpretation of different accounting standards etc. Note 3 provides critical accounting estimates and judgments and provides a comprehensive understanding of firms policies regarding depreciation, impairments, income taxes, fair values of employees investments etc. Appendix Attached 2(b) The basis of preparation of the accounts are the historical cost convention however, firm has disclosed that it also records some financial assets and financial liabilities based on their fair value. It is also to be noted that the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the approved

Qualitative Executive Summary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Qualitative administrator Summary - Research Paper Exampleple, they feel unappreciated in their communities and hence engage in unlawful activities such as premarital sex, drug addiction, robbery, murder, and rampage strikes in tames. Due to increase of such activities among high school students it was necessary for us to conduct a research on the reason for every last(predicate) these.The main reason of the deliberate is to find out why such immoral activities happen largely in high school. What is the main contributing factor towards such activities? In the same environment of written report are there any high school students who dont participate in immoral activities? What is the difference between this student and the others?The audience for our study will be determine on the by-line basis, that include people who interact with the high school students mostly ,i.e. parents of the students ,class teachers, their guardians, elder brothers and sisters. These people will su pport us answer certain questions about the high school students and how they behave. The main individual under study is the high school student and so the comments made will also be treated as a data towards achieving our goal of the study.The critical part of the study is lack of openness among high school students to other people. This is attributed to many factors such as the wide gap of age difference, advancement of technology in the modern world for instance face book, twitter and other social network making it lumbering for them to have one on one talk with their counselors.The question is what would most improve your guidance course? According to the study we are trying to engage the high school students to open up and get by with us on how we can be of help to them in order to be a fall in person in the society. In the data we find that out of the 125 high school correspondents, 60 students prefer to be listened to and this is a huge number, it was followed by lack of good advisory on occupational group choice, availability of counselors came in third.In this analysis, we can

A self assessment on intercultural negotiating skills Essay

A ego assessment on intercultural negotiating skills - Essay ExampleThere ar different communication styles that can be used and these will be outlined in the paper. Characteristics of a secure intercultural negotiant Cross acculturation communication and negotiation mainly involve peck from different cultural backgrounds and this has a bearing on the way they communicate. The polish of different people shape the way people communicate and stand in ideas (Fujio, 2004). tally to Armstrong (1994), culture in the institution refers to shared beliefs, values, attitudes as well as assumptions which shape their behaviour as well as the way they view different things around them. All the people in the organization have shared beliefs as well as values. Dbhaibo & Harb (2010) suggest that the way people communicate and suffer is shaped by their cultural values. Hofstedes framework of cultural diversity mainly influences different types of studies that are related to cross cultural communication and management which include the following four dimensions of national culture individualism versus collectivism, power distance which is concerned with how power is distributed, dubiety avoidance which talks about how uncertainty is found to be uncomfortable, quality versus quantity of life (Robbins, 1993, p. 75). In order for a person to be a beneficial intercultural negotiator, there are many issues that should be considered by the people involved. In boldness of a distributive type of negotiation, a good intercultural negotiator attempts to discover the other persons BATNA. The person who suggests a strong offer is likely to achieve positive pull up stakess as a result of the fact that the other person is likely to concede certain instances (Thompson 2005). The use of statements or questions is also really important since it helps to establish the quality of the birth that may exist between the two negotiators involved. Thus, a good intercultural negotiator should establish how the other person communicates as well as to try to establish the relationship that exists between parties involved. The other important factor that should be taken into account about what makes a good intercultural negotiator is to try to differentiate between Utilitarian Discourse System (UDS) which is about the message itself and the Confucian Discourse System (CDS) which is concerned about the quality of relationship that exist between the two people communicating with each other. For instance, the Americans prefer the UDS system when negotiating while the Japanese or Chinese prefer CDS. correspond to a study conducted by Misa Fujio (2004) entitled Silence during intercultural communication a case study, it can be noted that styles of communication between the people involved in the communication process differ as a result of the fact that they have different cultures. Silence is used as a way of communication by the Japanese this is a different case with th e Americans who do not use lock in as part of their communication process. In order to avoid unnecessary frustration, a good intercultural negotiator must establish the way another person communicates so as to be able to exchange meaningful ideas. Lin & Miller (2003) suggest that negotiation approach is influenced by factors which include national culture, commitment as well as the quality of relationship that exist between the two. For example, the Chinese emphasise on collectivism while the Americans focus on individualism (Hsu, 1985 as cited in Lin and Miller, 2003). A good

The Consequences of the Great Depression in the US Experienced from Research Paper

The Consequences of the Great Depression in the US Experienced from Children - Research melodic theme Examplewere hit hardest by the falling withdraw. On realizing that the sparing downfall will last for a period, legion(predicate) countries initiated plans to keep their domestic production protected through the imposition of tariffs. Others raised their existing tariffs, and quotas were set on foreign imports (Ewing, 2006). All these restrictive measured aimed at reduction of international trade volume. Over the consequent assorted number of years, the contribution from investors declined and so did the consumption rate of the customers (Rauchway, 2008). Some economists are of the opinion that prodigious outcomes tot eh political sphere, with some political aspirants like Franklin D. Roosevelt of the democrat getting advantage of the economic distress. Arguably, the economic depression stirred nation, consequently affecting individuals with those involved in trade getting se vere effects. though given less emphasis, the effects of the depression in children was as well diverse. This paper analyses in reasonableness the consequences of the Great Depression in the US experienced by children. Lack of education Education is a key factor to the success of both child. As such, it is a requirement that children are given fair to middling of it to ensure that their future life is well constructed. However, with the prevailing tension and economic distress during the Great Depression, the prospect to access education was at stake (Terkel, 2011). Evidently, during this period, American institutions were profoundly transformed. For instance, in the 1920s, there was erosion of polar educational advances, resulting in the closing of schools. The closure of these schools was instigated by the fact that funding was no more. In addition, those schools that were under(a) construction were brought to a halt. This meant that children could not attend school any more . Notably also, the arrears for teachers and educational administrators increased. As a result, they formed unions and engaged in strikes with hope that their arrears would be cleared. The consequences were felt by children for lack of teachers and administrators meant that learning was no more (Bound & Turner, 2002). Retrieved on March 30, 2013, from http//static.ddmcdn.com/gif/trickle-down-in-down-market-1.jpg Alteration of Family Unit structures The Great Depression altered the way of aliment for families and children, turning to be a challenge to every American family. The notable effects ranged from impacted pecuniary structures and employment of the entire family unit. Further, the families lost their jobs and could not settle their mortgage debt were rendered homeless. The basic needs like food, water, and supply became scarce. Regardless of where one was living, be it in the city or on the farms, life was hectic for everyone. The depression forced the kids to work, made o thers run away from their family, and began living in the railroads. Most of the children from families that were not well off were forced to work and bring money to the family for their upkeep (Rauchway, 2008). This meant that the family structure was completely altered as every individual in the family felt the need to work add to the family income. Working of the children was not that good since children were affected in growth due to the physical fatigue and psychological depression. Medical challenges During this period, scholars document that infant mortality rate rate was at its peak because there was no prenatal medical care for the pregnant

Programming Language Ada 95 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

computer program Language Ada 95 - Research Paper ExampleHowever, more than 450 schedule languages were utilized to wield numerous working projects of Department of Defense but none of them was standardized. The main reason could be the absence of reusability. For these reasons, the Navy, Army and Air Force planned to build a high-level schedule language oddly for embedded strategys (The Language Guide, 1997 Kempe, 1995). Thus, the Ada emerged as a programming language designed to facilitate the information of extremely reliable and long-standing embedded software systems. This language comprises capabilities to describe packages of associated objects, types and relevant operations. Additionally, the language packages can be classified and the types can be extended in order to facilitate the development of language libraries of variable and reusable software parts. In addition, these processes can be applied in forms of sub-programs with usual sequential programming control structures, or as accesses that comprise synchronization of simultaneous operational threads of control as a fraction of their invocation. Moreover, the programming language is capable of dealing with modularity in the physical way as well with a potential to up-hold split compilation (Kempe, 1995). This report will discuss different aspects of Ada95 programming language. ... In this programming language, different kinds of issue and error are indicated through exceptions and managed explicitly. Additionally, the programming language as well includes the features for system programming which allows accurate control over the illustration of data and access to system dependent-properties. Most importantly, this programming language offers a comprehensive and predefined programming setting of standard packages comprising amenities for, among another(prenominal)s, draw handling, input-output, random number generation and numeric elementary functions (Kempe, 1995). HISTORY In 1970s, the United States DoD (Department of Defense) was demented due to a number of different programming languages being utilized for developing and managing its embedded systems and other computer system projects as well as most of them were outdated or hardware reliant and none of them allowed for safe modular programming. Thus, in year 1975, The Department of Defense formed a engineering science working group known as High Order Language Working Group (HOLWG), with the intent of minimizing this figure by discoing or finding or developing a single technology ground programming language which could be used to manage all the embedded systems. As a end Ada emerged (Kempe Software Capital Enterprises, 2011 Feldman, 1999 eNotes.com, Inc., 2011). In addition, Ada programming language greatly took attention of the programming community all through its early days. Its backers as well as others forecasted that it would become a leading language for wide-ranging principle programming as we ll as not immediately defense-related tasks. In this scenario, Ichbiah widely stated that within 10 years, just two programming languages would stay Ada and Lisp. In

The McDonald's Global Human Resource Strategy Term Paper

The McDonalds Global Human imagery Strategy - Term Paper ExampleThere is a vigorous awards system for such things as putting customers first, years of service, or jobs done particularly well. These awards may include money, trips, plaques, and certificates and they be commemorated with much jubilancy and delight. The managers at McDonalds always seem to be very relaxed and are most of the time identical from the former(a) employees because they do not simply give orders to those under them, but they also accept feedback from them and are ready to get alternatives to their decisions. This, according to Kincheloe (2002), helps to show that although they have managers, the employee teams at McDonalds are obviously in their later stages of development and are very comfortable outside their predefined roles, displaying high levels of motivation. The managers do not attack to put any verbal barriers between themselves and their employees and they, instead, show genuine concern in the emotional and visible well being of their employees, something that is very rare in this type of environment. The McDonalds restaurants have a polish that is generally inviting to new employees and these are move to work in these restaurants. This is because of the laid-back environment found at bottom them and the fact that the jobs are not very stressful for the employees. Another reason why employees are motivated to continue working at McDonalds are the different shift schedules, which the management formulates so that they give the bounce accommodate every employee. Since most of the jobs found in these restaurants are low skilled and any other employee can take over the others shift if they are not able to hasten it work due to a need to attend to other more pressing obligations.

Occupational Crime and Avocational Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Occupational Crime and Avocational Crime - Essay Example ace of the more important challenges confronting the financial heath of retail companies is employee theft. A study undertaken by Hollinger and Pernice (1998) determines that employee theft is the capital cause of inventory shrinkage in retail companies, culminating in losses of billions of dollars per annum. Not only had that but, in immediate comparison to shoplifting, the researchers found that while a single disaster of shoplifting averages $212.68, one incident of employee theft averages $1,058.20. Within the context of the aforementioned comparison, it is hardly surprising to disc everyplace that employee theft is the primary figure behind inventory shrinkage.Given the dimensions of the problem, as articulated in the preceding paragraph, it is incumbent upon retail companies to design and later on implement a strategy as would confront and overcome employee theft. Hollinger and Pernice (1998) maintain that electronic surveillance has, over the years, proven its effectiveness and, in immediate comparison to different strategies, has proven to be the most touristed loss prevention system (Hollinger and Pernice, 1998, par. 6). The knowledge that their crime may be recorded and that they may deport to face the concomitant legal and c areer repercussions functions to control an employees desire or tendency to steal. As such, the adoption of electronic surveillance may be a solution to the problem.The fact is that such systems are expensive and function to demoralise employees. Friedrichs (2004) emphasizes, other than the cost factor, electronic surveillance may not be the optimal solution to inventory shrinkage due to the negative effect that such systems have upon employee loyalty. In other words, despite the fact that the system has a proven advantage, it has an undesirable effect on employee morale. quite a than install expensive electronic surveillance systems, it is more advisable for a retai l company to cover the nature of the workplace environment and the factors therein which either allow or motivate such actions. Friedrichs (2004) argues that employee disgruntlement, borne turn up of the feeling of being underpaid, overworked and unappreciated, and the existence of opportunities to steal are the primary causal factors of inventory shrinkage. In other words, a lack of commitment to the workplace, concomitant with workplace disorganization compels employee theft.The solution to employee theft, as explained in the

Week 7 discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 7 discussion - Essay sheathEach pair of students volition stand at the end of a one hundred meters footmark stretch. Along the cartroad, there will be minor obstacles such as ankle length huddles, tires and a simple block puzzle. One student leads another blind folded student through the obstacles to the end of the track where they will tap you are it the other half of the team and they will go through the equal process. . The students, in their respective groups, will carry out the obstacle race activity under fastidious supervision. It is imperative that the gym instructor is present. Also, the winning team will get small gifts like tranquil pens.The concept here is to provide a fun way to explore the importance of substantive interpersonal relationships. The blind fold is crucial to introduce the aspect of human dependence. The students, within the groups, will comprise of diverse genders, race and ethnic background the aim is to show that human cooperation goes beyo nd societal prejudices. The obstacles will comprise the activity more challenging and competitive. This activity is a break from other activities such as ceremony films that have graphic scenes of acts of intolerance in society such as racial prejudice. Also, the aspect of pallidity will be brought out as the gym instructor and I oversee the activity to come across that the winner is legitimate.Good morning class? Please confirm that your attire is well won, fitting and fit out laces are well tied to avoid any accidents. In previous lessons, the subject of tolerance and meaningful human interactions has concentrated on books with literature on heroes such as (The students should then raise their hands to give relevant examples). However, this class needs a practical example on how to set excursion differences and work as one human entity.I will divide the students into groups of four, two girls and two boys (it will not be evident to the students that the groups are heterogen eous in

Does Religion Cause War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does faith Cause War - Essay ExampleBeliefs are the key word of the definition. When an individual or pigeonholing has a set of religious beliefs, these beliefs are their life. Religious beliefs are the main component reflecting decisions that one may make. This means that religious beliefs do not cause war but may influence decisions do after a war has already begun. This can raise argument but truth has shown that to the highest degree war has begun as a result of territory and possessions and not solely because of worship. Religion regarding beliefs has been an issue of war since creation. Every individual practices some form of holiness like Christianity, Judaism, or Atheism. Each form of religion is similar in the sense that the belief is a religion and a way of life. Each religion is also quite different. Many like those in the Christian religion are persecuted for their religious beliefs and cannot be caught acting in a Christian manner. The persecution creates a war i n the life of the Christian. They must guide between honoring their beliefs and being persecuted. The United States, according to a poll by ABC tidings consist of 83% Christians. This may be because Christianity is so well tolerated in America and Christians can freely practice Christianity. In other areas of the world Christianity is not accepted and has been known to cause war. This war is more than so between the Christian and Muslim communities.

Source Document Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

theme Document Analysis - Essay ExampleElizabeth as queen represents England and the 30 year old Sir Walter capital of North Carolina and his heires and assignes forever (page 289), will act as her agent in the new lands and countries. As to whether Elizabeth had the right to hire for herself land that already belonged to others, the American natives, that is another matter. Walter capital of North Carolina was an explorer, that in occurrence, as far as North America was concerned, he merely organised various expeditions.. He is described as our believe and well beloved servant, He is given great authority, all and meere power and authoritie to correct, punish, pardon, governe, ( page 293) merely the queen was giving nothing away. She expected great returns from her new world colonies.( page 291) reserving alwayes to us, our heires and successors, for all services, dueties, and demaunds, the fift objet dart of all the o be of golde and silver. She was presumably influenced by the stories of gold and silver that the Spanish had discovered further south. There were purvey in case of problems ( page 295 and 296). Then there would be retaliation if there was not merriment then all involved would be out of our allegiance and protection. ( page 296) As well as an explorer Raleigh was also courtier, statesman, farmer, sailor, scientist and man of letters. Despite all this, and the apparent esteem in which Elizabeth seems to persuade him when this letter patent was written, he would later fall from royal favour and become a captive in the notorious Tower of London. This happened when Elizabeth discovered his intrigue with one of court ladies, Elizabeth Throckmorton, a lady whom he would later marry. Paul Halsall ( 1998) puts his problems down to rivalry from his rival the Earl of Essex, a great favourite of Elizabeths. He would allow into even worse trouble during the reign of Elizabeths successor , James I, and was eventually executed. Despite the fact t hat the document states that Raleigh is described as discovering and planting new lands, he in fact did this in company with his much less well known half brother Sir Humphrey gigabit., as described by Paul Halsall, 1998. The queen would not allow Raleigh to actually land in North America, but he did much of the organizing, including the beginnings of Roanoke Island. Also although it just says new lands and countries it in fact referred to the colonization of Virginia. However disrespect two expeditions, and attempts to found lasting settlements, neither resulted in a permanent settlement. There is mention of Raleighs heirs and assignees forever and to Elizabeths heires and successors, yet in the second line of the heading a much shorter and more precise period is mentioned the space of six yeeres and no more. During this period Elizabeth forbids others to interfere.( page 292) Elizabeth was in control. She had earlier refused to allow Raleigh to travel to Nova Scotia with his hal f brother in 1583, a trip from which Gilbert did not return alive. ( The Pirates, undated), We are told that Sir Walter Raleigh could go anywhere not already in the monomania of any Christian Prince i.e. he couldnt take over land already held by Spain for instance. We are told he can have, hold occupy and enjoy

How Fuel Costs Have Affected the Airline Industry Essay

How Fuel Costs take in Affected the subscriber lineline Industry - Essay ExampleThe aim of this paper is to discuss all of this, as well as all characteristics and factors involved in the matter of how fuel costs defend impact the airline industry. This is what will be dissertated in the following.The six most master(a) airlines in the United States have been ailing since 2001 four out of these six were in fact forced to file for bankruptcy in 2005. According to some analysts, the entire airline industry is on the brink of collapse altogether the primary cause being that of ever-increasing fuel prices. Its very bad right now, its unsustainable, said Kevin Mitchell, Chairman of the Business kick the bucket Coalition ground in Pennsylvania. Its as bad as it gets. If (oil) goes up another couple of dollars its loss to be more of a hurting but its going to be hardly distinguishable from the pain that the airlines are feeling right now. (Delaney, 2006). In fact, according to Mitc hell, the American airline industry basically refused on the whole even to recognize the shift in the marketplace five years ago. They failed to understand that consumers were demanding everyday, low, affordable airfares. The carriers in Europe recognized that and began to take action in 2001 and 2002 to become competitive with low-cost carriers. The US carriers were unconquerable throughout the whole time, thinking that as soon as the economy would rebound, so would business travelers instinctive to pay $2500 for coast to coast fares, and of course that never happened. (Delaney, 2006).In fact Northwest Airlines, the nations fourth-largest airline which is based in Eagan, Minnesota, has made many headlines since the year unfolded. It reported $450 million in losses the first buns of 2005, its stock prices are declining, its fuel costs are rising, it asked its labor unions to freeze their current pension programs in lieu of new contribution plans, it is attempting to cut annual l abor costs by $1.1 billion, and on July 1 the union representing its mechanics authorized a strike vote. (Oo, 2005). The current spike in oil prices is in particular taking its toll taking the airline industry into uncharted territory and raising many questions somewhat the economic viability of many players in the industry. Increasing fuel prices have also had effects on planetary trade, which is one of the United States most profitable resources. No doubt increasing oil prices are credibly to dampen global trade. Air cargo dealings is a leading indicator of any economic slowdown. The air cargo industry itself, in which fuel accounts for 20-30% of the operational cost, is poised to be the prime calamity of the new era of expensive oil, says a report entitled The Oil Crisis and its Impact on the Air Cargo Industry. Jet fuel prices have almost tripled in the past four years. As a result, the worlds airlines spent over $100 billion on fuel in 2005, a 50% amplify over 2004. At r easonable oil prices of $30-$40 a barrel, world air cargo traffic was projected triple over current traffic levels. (IAGS, 2006). Fuel expenses rank in as the number-one or number-two cost category in regards to the airline industry, and because of this, airlines have an enormous built-in financial incentive to slenderize consumption

Mother Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mother - Essay ExampleThese suggestions used to appear awkward to me and I used to regard them as useless and boring. I never paid heed to her advice and continued temporary removal out with my friends whom I used to trust more than my mother. Then one fine day everything changed my views nigh her changed and my heart got sunk in a state of regret.It was a chilled, stormy day and apparently the exit day of our school. Everyone was excited about the party at night and there were celebrations all over our school. However, the run gradually started getting worse and most of the people I knew cancelled their plans for the night. I got several calls from my mama as she was worried as to when I would get back home. The sky grew darker and was overshadowed with clouds. Lightening struck and it started fall in no time. Since I was with my high school friends, I did not find it appropriate to hear to my mothers phone calls simply because I was worried what my friends would think of me. I tried to contract the calls by not attending to them but soon my friends found out that my mom had been calling. Never had I felt as embarrassed as I did at that time. I switched off my phone and headed for the strand with my friends. The downpour was heavy and all the streets were choked with traffic. I started feeling scared and helpless as warnings were issued on the radio calling people to head towards their homes. The windscreen started losing clarity and the road ahead was barely visible. In a matter of seconds our car got sidetracked, hit another car and crashed into a pit. In a spud of time the cops came and took us to the hospital. I had been unconscious all that time and when the first time I exposed my eyes I saw my mother standing right in front of me with tears in her eyes. I did not know what to say I was speechless. My heart filled with regret all of a sudden and I could

Picasso and the Camera Exhibition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Picasso and the camera Exhibition - Essay ExampleThe essay Picasso and the Camera Exhibition explores the exhibition called Picasso and the Camera. Gagosian gallery proffers a one of a kind experience. Art stern be expressed in many forms including paints and sculptures. The uniqueness of Picasso in utilizing the camera to express art in completely new dimensions has made his aggregation one of a kind at the Gagosian collection. The message and inspirations pillow the same alone the nature of execution remains unique. The collections will be the center of discussion by dint of the paper and focus will be on how it transformed the manner in which individuals interpret art. The collection provides an aspect of cultural coexistence. The exhibition accounts conglomerate aspects of finishing both locally and internationally. The aim of the exhibition was to provide a picture of the earth from various angles. Culture is an essential component in art and various forms of entertainm ent. When one focused on the Picasso and the Camera exhibition the unique aspect is that the photographer focused much on the cultures that are perceived new to his immediate surroundings. Promotion of cultures is what art is all about, nature shapes individuals but culture absorbs and nurture people to attain certain goals and societal expectations. Picasso and the Camera exhibition is an example of what culture may provide. The artwork has provided room for many individual from different parts of the world to assemble and contribution the multicultural exhibitions experience.

Revolution of Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Revolution of Technology - Research Paper ExampleIn this paper, the write attempts to peruse the causes and set up of the revolution in engineering science. In addition, the author concurs that the advantages of the revolution in engineering further exceeds the few disadvantages which be purported. The National Research Council notes our society has been through other periods of dramatic change before, determined by such innovations as the steam engine, railroad, telephone, and automobile. But never before have we experienced technologies that are evolving so speedyly (increasing in power by a hundredfold every decade), altering the constraints of place and time, and reshaping the way we communicate, learn, and think. (p. 5) This energetic altering has changed sustenance as we know it forever and although the revolution in technology has been the major factor in the improvement of life throughout the ages there rebrinys several invalidating consequences. Nonetheless, these negative features as analyzed in the literature pales in comparison to the plethora of haughty effects spawned from the revolution. Notwithstanding, this technology has brought with it an unquenchable thirst for more knowledge and a seemingly disconnection in gracious physical relationships there is a certain level of satisfaction obtained from the actual utilization of these technologies. This paper purports that the positive effects of the revolution of technology far outweighs the negative. ... Maury Klein emphasized that this industrialization paved the way for large cities, the concourse migration of people out of rural areas and into cities, as well as changes in the pace of American life. Atkeson and Kehoe note that the tremendous amount of new manufacturing technologies based on electricity which were invented in the 1860s to 1900s caused that period to be dubbed the Second Industrial Revolution (64). This period was synonymous with a new economy personified by rapid incr ease in the manufacturing industry. The first industrial revolution therefore ended in the nineteenth coulomb with the introduction of electricity which led to a rapid advancement in transportation, medicine and other innovations. This dynamic atmosphere prepared the way for our present revolution, which is also known as the Information Revolution. Cortada suggests two main reasons for the present revolution, namely, infusion of federal funds in the quest for technological innovations and the existence of a potentially large commercial market for this new technology (17). The commercial market spanned the entire globe. Thus, an individual could sum with another individual half way across the world in real time. Further, a grievous could be manufactured in China, be advertised on the World Wide Web and be sold to someone in Australia within a single day. This present revolution in technology holds an abundance of benefits which were never realized in the previous revolutions. III. T he information revolution has had a positive effect on the lives of individuals across the globe or has it? Interestingly, each revolution added to the benefits of the

Npcst Library System Essay Example for Free

Npcst Library System EssayA collection of such(prenominal) materials, especially when systematically arranged a room of private home for such collection. At offshoot glance, your library is a bunch of books with a librarian to check them out to you, and back in when you travel by them. Librarian ensures (of tries to, as money permits) your library is well stocked with current titles. These current titles include, in increment to books, videos, tapes and CDs, magazines, encyclopedia, genealogical research stuff and more. The librarian also has to keep the building neat and in corking repair and also these things only shows a few of the things which make up your library. Schools set the various pedagogical changes to achieve the current level of education in other countries. Because of the growing numbers of computer users, this became an impelling medium to demonstrate the knowledge and skills of the students. From the traditional searching process for the books in the librar ies, the interactive usage of computers back be now addressed as part of the library system.

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guiltless Fall EssayThe purpose of this experiment is to understand why we have variances in measurements and how to reduce the variances. When pickings a measurement there are multiple factors that affect its take account. The more the measurement is taken the measurements medium is closer to the actual value. Other factors include the instruments calibration, cleanliness of the inside of the measuring arms and human error in reading the measurements off of the measuring devices. For this experiment, we followed the procedures as indicated in the lab manual. DataResults/Comparison to Theory / AnswersThe calliper and the micrometer were checked for the calibration. The results showed zero offset before and after experiment. Since there are differences in the calculated data the calculation of closeness varies. There are 3 variables that we have to take into account for calculating the density of the copper rod. The length plays the largest role in the uncertainty of the c opper rods density since it has the largest deviation. The Vernier calipers were the most accurate because it showed the smallest deviation. Our experiment carried out exactly how the theory explained it would. We measured the same helping a multitude of times and received varying data. Calculating the density from the averaged data made the value more accurate, and when combined with the standard deviation our values for density became that much more accurate.

Life of Maya Angelou Essay Example for Free

Life of Maya Angelou EssayMaya Angelou was born an African American. One would liveliness the agony she went through to be born as such and in America. Her grannie was raped and bore a child this child later came to be her mother. Similar to the ferocity her grandmother experienced, she was raped as a child by her mothers boyfriend who was later on killed by her uncles. Because of this, she didnt speak for almost six-spot years afraid that her dustup had killed the man. This must be the dawn of her path to being a writer, realizing that words are mighty.If it could kill then it could give behavior as well. When her parents divorced, her grandmother took good care of her and her pal Bailey, Jr. and it was him who c each(prenominal)ed her Maya. She became many things a dancer, a cable car operator, a singer, a waitress, and where she flourished, a writer. The develop of her career came when she went to Egypt and Ghana. She went back to America to support Malcolm Xs Organi zation of African American amity provided he was assassinate. The struggle of the race proceed as she supported M artistic creationin Luther King, Jr.who was also assassinated defending the African American cause, this made Maya Angelou devastated. She never stopped working for the emancipation of the African Americans and continued writing for equal rights and liberty. And so, in 1993, she read On the Pulse of Morning, at President William Jeffer watchword Clintons inauguration at the White House. Her words are valuable to the nation. Her words influence men of power. Her life is interesting which produced whole shebang that are priceless to the American spate most especially to the African Americans of whom she dedicated her efforts to for their emancipation.Angelous title of writing categorized her works in the genre of autobiographical fiction because of her writing styles in dialogues, characterization, tuition of theme, setting, plot and language. But for her, these are simply autobiographies. She speaks through her writing what she has learned or learning come in of life. In her interview with Mike Schneider in Bloomberg TV, she talked to all women as her daughters for her book, Letter to My Daughter.She speaks to them how a cleaning woman surpasses an incident in life as she would, given a similar situation. She writes to all the women as her daughters, sharing with them her story like she was angiotensin-converting enzyme with them. In the poem, I Know why the Caged Birds Sing, one would feel between the lines how an African American feels in the land called America. The words are simple and yet powerful in the sense that it deeply triggers emotions from the reader. These are deep sentiments of an enslaved race, wanting to be free simply the hisss wings are clipped.Feelings of being held charm the other birds are free is something that she has undergone while the whites enjoy the liberty of being part of their race. A critic named Lupton, considered Angelous writings as autobiographies for they chase away the elements of such written by a single author, chronological, and they contain character, technique and them. Although, there are split that are fictional, the elements necessary for an autobiography are present. Angelou has the tendency to go to the direction against the convention of what an autobiography is.She utilise the first person singular, I in talking about we. She is placed among the African American autobiographists further other writers insist that she has created a different kind of interpretation of the autobiographical form. The book, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, became an acclaim containing the sentiments of the black people. She wrote it out of a challenge by Robert Loomis, her editor, for her to write high art. African American literature is to a greater extent challenged in such that the authors have to agree about the side of their writings on whether its high art.ONeale considers An gelous poetry a more expected ghetto indicateiveness and she also avoids a monolithic corrosive language. The bird was use as metaphor that is seek to set itself free from its cage. The cage that incarcerates the creature represents oppression of the African American people. It must be emphasized as well that Angelou doesnt intend to isolate the white people. She wanted to promote the relevance of industriousness so as to change the concept of laziness among African Americans. At the latter part of the 1960s, one of her goals was to create a book that satisfied the criteria, organic unity.According to English literature apprentice Valerie Sayers, her poetry and prose are similar because of the episodes which are done like a series of short stories, but they do not follow a chronology of events. Her prose and poems are both in direct voice, which are characterized by steady rhythms with lyrical patterns that use figures of speech (similes and metaphors). Hagen has mentioned that Angelous works were influenced by the African American communitys literary and oral tradition. She uses the blues music and literary characters in testifying about her life and hardships, with the use of metaphors, rhythms, and intonations.Angelous one of the most important themes are kinship, this has something to do with her parents abandonment of her and her brother, her birth with her son, husbands and lovers all throughout her books. She discusses the value of family relationships of how it can affect development of a person. She spoke of her paternal grandmother who prophesied of her being a teacher when she intentionally went mute. Telling her that she would be a teacher someday but how could that happen if she does not speak.In most of her books, motherhood is predominantly manifested based on her experiences as a single mother, a daughter, and a granddaughter. standardised in the book, Letter to My Daughter, she dedicated this book to all women pondering on their life exp eriences. She delivered words of wisdom to soothe and give directions to their souls. When asked if she would say the same things to her son or sons, she said it would be different. She would never know how it is to be a man. If she would write something for her son/sons, it would be through the perspective of a woman.Her plot often surrounds in this motif mother child. The woman who survives sacrosanct and happy must be at once tender and tough. Maya Angelou, Wouldnt Take Nothing For My Journey forthwith (1994) She is an embodiment of strength and wisdom. This is where she gets her tenets from the experiences she has gained from childhood up to the present which molded her to become a woman whom people listen to. For Scholar Mary Burgher, African American women autobiographers have rejected the stereotyping of roles as breeder and matriarch of their kind and they are being presented as creative and personally fulfilling.Maya Angelou also wanted to deliver the depicted obje ct that women are more than the purpose of bringing forth children. Women are valuable beings in society as much as men are. In her books, women are winners and are brilliant who have overcome hindrances of racial discrimination. She has been influenced greatly by her relationship with her grandmother who died early in her third autobiography, Singin and Swingin and Getting Merry Like Christmas. Momma (Angelous grandmother), is quoted in the whole book.I write because I am a Black woman, listening attentively to her people. Maya Angelou, 198487 She has greatly contributed to the emancipation of the black people in America working alongside with Malcom X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Went through devastation because of their deaths but continued on the struggle of her people. She continued to extract the pains she goes through as a black woman through her music and poems. Using her clothe in expressing through words her thoughts and struggles, unified the very same sentiments of all the black people in America.Her experiences especially from childhood gave her the foundation she needed to become who she is now. Everything that transpired in her life was a message she depicted in all her books. She resisted racial biases and protested outright to effect change in American society. She mentioned in her interviews when asked if she was angry, she said, I am angry but I am not bitter, reiterating that anger was necessary to express indignation to the unjust treatment towards the black people. She emphasized, however, that she is not bitter.There is a difference between those two. She used anger to advance the cause of African Americans but made sure there is no resentment in her heart. Works Cited Hagen, L. (1997). Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet A full of life Analysis of the Writings of Maya Angelou. Lanham, Maryland University Press. Lauret, M. (1994). Liberating Literature Feminist fiction in America. New York Routledge. ONeale, S. (19 84). Reconstruction of the manifold Self New Images of Black Women in Maya Angelous Continuing Autobiography. Garden City, NY Doubleday.

Lan-Base Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System Essay Example for Free

Lan-Base attendance Monitoring and paysheet System Essay1.1 IntroductionModernization changed our lifestyle. Technology improves us to spend term and spaces in remarkable ways. Due to rapid technological changes new things to produce better way of doing things by the function of technology. In our present life style people find way to improve their vitality day by day .This improvement was obviously seen in our modern technology, such modern machine, offhand gadgets, robotics and the most popular and widely influential is the modern computer. Modern computer helps people to lessen their lap in such particular field of industry, particularly for those activities that requires computation storage of information presentation gage and many uses of system software by the company, organization and in some aspect of educational areas. virtuoso of these changes is through the use of LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and payroll System of Caltex gas Station which is programmed aut omatically make out the meter and picture employees log so that the mooring assistant monitors the record and liable easily access code the payments of the employees.In the field of Information technology the knowledge in creating a LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System of the employees are atomic number 53 of the most important parts to keep a certain personal line of credit concern stable also includes the monitoring of the employees and the payroll. The Owner skunkt assure that his employee is arriving on cartridge clip in Gasoline Station and he cant also assure if the computation of the payroll is straighten out and accurate.1.2.1 Background of the StudyThe Caltex Techron Balite Merchandise started as a Federal Gasoline station in 2007. after three years Federal Gasoline Station experienced bankrupt because of the competition in some other gasoline station. The owner of Federal Gasoline Station decided to sell the property of Federal Gasoline Station to Mr. Danny Reobeca to recover his investment.In the year 2010 September 19, the Caltex Techron merchandising established in Barangay Balite. They started with sixteen (16) employees including (1) 1 manager, (1) sensation secretary, (2) two cashiers, and (12) twelve gasoline boys.Nowadays, the Caltex Techron Merchandising has (4) four Gasoline Machines, (3) three Gasoline Tanker, (1) one storage room and (1) one slip room. Caltex Techron Merchandising have now (33) thirty three employees including (1) one manager as the owner, (3) three office assistant, (3) three cashier, (2) two guards and (24) twenty four gasoline boys. The unconscious process is 24 hours and has three shifting for gasoline boy and cashiers. First shift (600am-300pm), second shift (1200pm-900pm), deuce-ace shift(900pm-600am), (2) two shifting for the security guard, First shift (600am-600pm) and second shift (600pm-600am) while the manager and office assistant work 8 hours start 800am to 400pm.The facilities of the Caltex Techron Merchandising are complete scarce proponents found out (2) problem. First, the attendance monitoring of the employee is manual of arms like the traditional. Second, the exact computation of payroll of the employee is manual computation. They have an office assistant in the office room to manage the attendance monitoring and payroll of the employees. 1.2 Statement of the problem1.2.1 General ProblemThe Manual attendance and payroll of the employees in Caltex Techron resulting lack of trueness and security in terms of records. The main problem of manual system is very hard to think back information of the employees.1.2.2 Specific ProblemThe Caltex Techron Merchandising has also some specific problem as they stick* Manual recording of the time-in and time-out of the employees.* Using the manual computation of payroll.* Inaccurate employees attendance cod to manual operation of time keeping.* Unorganized records because of many records that must be filed.1.3 p urpose1.3.1 General ObjectiveThe Proponents aims to develop a LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System that will improve their service in terms of attendance monitoring and payroll of the employee.1.3.2 Specific objectives* To develop a system that enable to try records easier and faster. * To avoid changing of time that they log. * To develop a system that will monitor the daily time record of employee. * To upgrade and standard the process of computing salaries of employees accurately. * To establish a system that will annals the time-in and time-out of employees. * To prevent loosen and break down of the records and files. * To make automated the computation of the salaries of the employees.1.4 Scope and boundThe Proponents aims to develop a LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System of the employee for the improvement of Caltex Techron Merchandising. The File maintenance can easily add, search, delete, and update records, with the use of this system.1.4.1 Sc ope* Computerize the Attendance of the employee.* Automated computation of salaries.* It gives accurate time and date of the employees log.* LAN-basedSystem.* The administrator only has the authority to access the records of the employees.1.4.2 Limitation* Records only the time and date of log-in and log-out of the employee but it cant identify who are the real employees. * The LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System embedded only to Caltex Techron.1.5 Significance of StudyThis study not only to develop a software system, It also aims to do specific task in a short period of time. decision maker/Manager* It will help them in terms of less spending space and time. It will help them.Office Assistant* It will be easy for them to monitor the attendance of the employee and to lessen their work.Employee* It will be easier to get their salary because of the automatic computation.1.6 Definition of Terms1. Automated To operate by automation.2. Merchandising gross sales promotio n has a comprehensive function including market research, development of new products.3. Monitoring A cunning for observing a biological condition or function.4. Payroll The sum necessary for distribution to those on a payroll also the money to be distributed.5. Salary Fixed comprehension paid regularly for devices6. Technology A capability given by the practical application knowledge.7. Embedded Fix to the business company.8. LAN-Based the system is running by group of personal computer and associated equipment that are linked by cable, office building and that share a communications line.9. Manual work by hand, involving the skills and hard word of hand.10. traditionalistic from generation to generation, Old style.

Civil Engineering Pesonal Statement Essay Example for Free

Civil Engineering Pesonal line of reasoning EssayIt was this quote by Theodore von Karman in my high school physics book that sparked my interest in engineering. Engineering allows for the designing and constructing of structures that most people could only dream of but they could not live without. From link spanning oceans to connect countries to artificial islands on which building complexes can provide housing for thousands of people. This notion is what made me pauperism to become an engineer. I leave incessantly been interested mathematics and science since grade school, but it was in high school that my curiosity flourished when I joined an engineering program. There I learned near the different fields like electrical, structural, and robotics. But it was civil engineering that I pursued. Something that became evident when we were given the chance to build bridges from balsa wood which strengths would later be tested. Although my bridge was not the strongest, it was in the screen five and the most aesthetically pleasing out of the twenty bridges that participated. That experience was enough to diagnose me decide to pursue a career in civil engineering.Later when I entered college and began to take courses workings towards my degree, I learned more about emerging new technologies which could benefit both the people and the planet alike. I am concerned about environmental issues which our world is currently facing and hope to subroutine engineering to resolve these problems while also improving peoples lives. My mathematical skills also developed and I spirit the opportunity of using these mathematical techniques to solve real-life problems. Studying further mathematics has proved more demanding than I anticipated, but I have found the extra challenge very rewarding. Furthermore, it has shown me the extent to which mathematics is lastly present in every aspect of our lives.I am involved in extracurricular activities. In 2010 I joined Sigma Alpha Lambda a national leadership and honors organization and their local chapter. With them I have participated in Relay for Life and Food Fight Against Hunger. Two national initiatives aimed at fundraising and bringing sensory faculty to cancer and hunger respectively. For Relay for Life I helped to decorate our team campsite according to the musical composition that year and for Food Fight Against Hunger I helped collect can foods as well as monetary donations.Outside of school I am also involved in my church. There I serve as a Sabbath School teacher for children in pre-K and kindergarten and as a general propose. My responsibilities cheat from helping the children learn songs to helping organize a blood drive, but also as a congregation we go visit elderly folks in a retirement home and volunteer at a shelter to feed the homeless on a monthly basis.Engineering offers us the chance to make the world a better, safer and more exciting place this is what attracts me to the sub ject. I am sure-footed that the challenges offered by civil engineering appeal to me and will inspire me to do great things. Engineering has always been fundamental in developing the world and is a field in which I would love to be involved.

Swimming Essay Example for Free

Swimming EssayPhysical demands of swimming are/power to pull yourself through the urine quickly, flexibility to perform the different strokes properly, CRE to push your body harder for long-run, LME because your arms and legs are constantly working. Reaction beat determines how quickly you react to the start of a race, co-ordination/timing to perform strokes properly, motivation is needed in the longer distance swims e.g. 800.1500,determination you wont win a race if you dont want it, authorization you need to be confident in your own ability and not worry ab give away anyone else. Skills gnarly in the activity are tumble turns, starts and technique, tumble turns is were you could lose a race they need to be fast and you must get distance of the besiege, starts are just as important you need to be fast and get peachy distance reaction time is vital for starts, thither are devil kinds of starts1-standing on the blocks 2- back crawl starts are in the water holding onto the blocks and throwing yourself of in a flowing position, technique determines how efficient and fast your are in the water/ butterfly is possibly the hardest because you need saturation to pull yourself up and through the water and co-ordination is needed to help the stroke flow.Race strategies/ If its is a bolt event e.g. 50,100 I like to go full out Longer distances e.g. 200,four hundred,800,1500 I go out fast on the first 25 fast pace in the middle and a 50m style to finish. If the event is an I.M I will swim to my advantages. I prefer individual sports as opposed to police squad games because you control your own race and you dont rely on anyone else.Social factors which help me accede in the activity are self-confidence, self esteem,One aspect of fitness that is important to my activity is CRE, a fitness test I did to establish this was a look sharp endurance set. The set was as follows- 5x 400 alt I.m f/c on 600 10200 alt f/c b/c on 300 20x 100 f/c on 145. 9,000 meters in total convinced(p) warm up and cool down.My performance in Buckie in April was a learning point for me because there was things I could have done better to improve my races, I got 1 pb and 1 DQ . My strengths were good warm ups, butterfly, starts, eating and sleeping, the weaknesses were turns, sprinting, concentration, confidence, I doubted my own ability and this resulted in me not performing my best. I wasnt well prepared and hadnt trained for the event which possibly affected my race as well.A tumble turn Preperation/ practice swimming and somersaulting in the middle of the pool before you get along the circumvent try this a few times until you are confident Action/Maintain speed approaching the wall keep arms at sides after the last two strokes. Tuck headspring to chest rotate hands and push down with palms while using a small mahimahi kick to engage your core thence flip feet over the surface of the water. Plant feet on the wall with knees bent, stretch arms above head in to a streamlined position and push off the wall facing the surface of the water. Recovery/During streamline, use core strength to rotate upper torso then lower torso to drive off facing the bottom of the pool. After a few fly kicks return to the surface of the water and continue swimming.

European Terrorism in the 1970’s and 1980’s Essay Example for Free

European Terrorism in the 1970s and 1980s EssayIn a post World War II era, terrorism and covert terrorist actions became a major machine against the governments of many European nations. In close to cases, terrorism had two purposes to make life unendurable for the country, and to verify the active support of the population by executing traitors and collaborators . Even more, a great number of terrorist incidents be directed against Ameri fag targets or are related to a spillover from the problems in the Middle East . With that said, a close look will be taken to answer three interviews regarding European terrorism in the 1970s and 1980s which include how the European governments confronted the threat, what methods the European governments took to deal with these terrorist groups, concluding with an analysis of what motivated the terrorists. To part with, a look will first be taken into how the European governments confronted the threat of terrorism in the 1970s and 19 80s.The terrorist furiousness during the postwar era in Europe has been characterized primarily by a conspiracy of attacks by terrorist cells and hate crimes by individuals or small gangs of peoplemany of them racist skin heads . In order to confront the terrorist actions, the European governments, for the most part, sought to compromise with a path of conflict gag law instead of direct action and retaliation that the United States has sound so fond of make use ofing.At first, the ideaology was to defend on the defensive, with divulge direct reaction, as it was believed that the terrorists would soon become tired of their actions and protest and the nation could move on. However, by the early 1970s public outrage at terrorist attacks fueled the need for governments to act conclusively in order to remove and dissemble the threat. For the first time in history, pressure was placed upon the nations that harbored and supported the terrorists . Essentially, the methods in deal ing with the terrorist groups were, in the beginning, to simply let the terrorists have their say, and to attempt to negotiate, if possible.However, as the public began to find out that the heinous crimes committed on their front yards was related to terrorist actions, the European governments were forced to take direct and decisive action against the terrorists. Their methods included allocating more funds for defense and counter-terrorist measures and intelligence and to delegitimize terrorists, to get society to see them for what they arecriminalsand to use one of their most important tools, the rule of law, against them . The main defense against terrorism became the effectiveness of counter-intelligence measures and an teach society who no longer viewed terrorists with the pity they once deserved. The motivations of the terrorists were, at one time, honorableas they were rubbish against oppression and they didnt employ any violent acts. However, it will be sufficient to defin e policy-making terrorism as a tactic employed by non-state actors involving the threat or use of fear-inducing forms of violence in an attempt to attain certain political objectives . This, essentially, is terrorism in its most basic formviolence to get a fear-based reaction. However, terrorism breaks down into a much deeper psychological philosophy in which the label of terrorists applies to certain peoples struggling, by the only means within their power, to win or regain the fundamental rights recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Charter . By this definition, a terrorist can be any human being facing oppression of their basic, most fundamental human rights, and is non necessarily the racially profiled stereotype that modern society has been taught to believe. Even more, throughout history there have been political, friendly and economic situations in which endlessly and unjustly oppressed groups or races had to exercise their right t o violence, their right to refuse oppression by every means available . In seeking truth and justice in their nation or cultusure, many terrorists choose the violent way of expressing their need for honored human rights.Moreover, the question was not one of defending crime and violence but rather one of accepting the event that such behavior, no matter how repugnant it appeared, had a motivation that all lovers of justice, freedom and human dignity could understand, even if they disapproved of it . Essentially, terrorism is, as the United States public has been led to believe after the events of 9/11, the most heinous action that a human being can take in order to ill-treat another person or nation. However, in order to understand the motivations of the terrorist, it must be recalled, and inherently understood, that they are humans too.They might be facing oppression, or they might be members of a religious cult who believe that nations who flaunt their materialism need to be punished, but the essence of the terrorist is that they are motivated by the need to fight and stand up against oppression against any odds. Overall, terrorism and covert terrorist actions have become a major weapon against the governments of many European and western nations. Terrorism was meant to highlight the oppression that a people felt against their country, however, in many cases, terrorism evolved into brutal murders and heinous crimes.From the analysis of the three questions regarding European terrorism in the 1970s and 1980s, which included how the European governments confronted the threat, what methods the European governments took to deal with these terrorist groups, followed by an analysis of what motivated the terrorists, a conclusion can be drawn as to the insidious motivations of the terrorists and the evolving methods that the European governments were forced to employ to keep pace with the evolving nature of the terrorist crimes.Bibliography.Aston, Clive C. A C ontemporary Crisis Political Hostage-Taking and the Experience ofWestern Europe. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1982. Crozier, Brian. The Rebels A choose of Post-War Insurrections. Boston Beacon Press, 1960. Martin, Gus. Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. New York Sage Publications, 2006. Oliverio, Annamarie. US versus European Approaches to Terrorism sizing Really Does Matter. Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice. 2008. http//policing. oxfordjournals. org/ cgi/content/abstract/2/4/452 Schmid, Alex Peter and Ronald D. Crelinsten. Western Responses to Terrorism. London Routledge, 1993.

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Statement of Purpose EssayMy objective for graduate studies in Science is to specify myself for the long term goal of pursuing a career in teaching and research. I defend chosen to work in the area of Science which requires good Mathematical and computing machine Science background. This termination will give me ample opportunity to consolidate my creative energies. My education suits this field as I have a Bachelors of Science with Honors in the field of Mathematics. I started teaching as soon as I finished BS (Honors) Mathematics in 2007. I taught Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science subjects to high school students, and greatly enjoyed this work. I live in Gujranwala, which is the seventh largest city of Pakistan. My surround has profound impacts on me. The social, economic and political instability in the region has stimulated me to play my give away in the development of the people. Teaching gives me a sense of constructive participation in the region by giving oth ers an intellect and funneling their energies in the constructive direction.At undergraduate level, I have studied courses both, uninflected as well as numerical methods for Mathematical Modeling and Simulation, and Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations and fond(p) Differential Equations with Analytical solutions. I have learned and true capabilities of programming using C/C++, Matlab and Mathematica. Moreover I have studied subjects in Physics, Mechanics, Quantum Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics, Analytical Dynamics and Computer Networks. Pakistan is a developing country with insufficient experts in science.To serve the needs of this industry, science needs to be developed and used. Thus conditions here are very conducive towards an application of my aspirations, when I return after complete my graduate studies. I would consider it my privilege to be able to pursue my graduate studies in Sweden and gain the excellent infrastructural facilities and research opportuni ties offered by university. I am sure that the stimulating academic environment and fundamental interaction with the distinguished faculty at university will prove immensely fruitful and facilitate my development as an individual researcher in my field.

Discuss the training requirements for Higher Level Teaching Assistants Essay Example for Free

Discuss the training requirements for high Level Teaching Assistants EssayHigher level teaching assistants (HLTAs) have an increased level of responsibility. They ordinarily undertake more complex tasks and tend to reckon more independently than other classroom-based staff. Under the steerage of a teacher, they often plan, prepare and deliver tuition activities to individual pupils, groups and (in the short term) whole classes. They also assess, memorialize and report on pupils progress. They act as a special assistant for a specific defer (f.e. literacy, ICT, sign language), group (young children, teenagers, special needs, gifted and talented) or department and help develop underpin materials. In order to do this effectively, the HLTA must understand the aims, content, teaching strategies and intended outcomes. They likewise need to have a solid knowledge of the curriculum to make sure they teach to a high standard as strong as a diverse portfolio of learning strategie s and styles to enable each pupil to fulfil their potential. HLTAs should ever so have high expectations of all their pupils and respect them whatever their background (be it cultural, social, religious, linguistic or ethnic). It is expected that they support the inclusion of all pupils in the learning activities in which they are involved. HLTAs should also be able to work collaboratively with their colleagues and to liaise sensitively with parents and carers, acknowledging their role in pupils learning.HLTAs should be aware of the legal framework underpinning teaching and learning and although not required to have a detailed knowledge of it, HLTAs should be aware of their statutory responsibilities and where to raise information, support and assistance when and if they need it.They should be familiar with their school policies and procedures, f.e. equal opportunities policy or procedures for health and safety. They should know the legal definition of Special Educational Needs a nd be familiar with the guidance virtually meeting SEN given in the SEN Code of Practice. HLTA are also required to achieve a across the nation recognised qualification at level 2 or above in English / literacy and maths / numeracy to rise that they are confident in these subjects and in teaching them to others. It is also required that HLTAs have a sound knowledge of ICT to advance their pupils learning and to be able to use ICT tools for their own as well as the pupils benefit. The term ICT is wide-ranging and includes internet, interactive whiteboards, cameras, printers, scanners, video and DVD. HLTAs should be familiar with age-related expectations of students, including being able to hold forth development stages form birth to teenager including speech and language stages. To become an HLTA, the candidate must demonstrate that he / she has the skills, knowledge and experience to take on the role and that he / she is familiar and understands all 33 nationally agreed profess ional standards. Furthermore, he / she should also have previous experience of working with children of a relevant age. Last but not least, each candidate needs to have a new-fashioned enhanced DBS check done to comply with the UK legal requirements.

Personal Competency Essay Example for Free

Personal efficiency EssayPersonal competencies represent a persons ability, skill, character, and knowledge that develop through keep experiences. Competencies ar required to perform efficiently in any professional organization. The ability to fully attend his or her personal competencies and using it as a resourceful tool for improvement constructs the foundation of exceedingly effective management department. Poor communication is often the biggest barrier in organizational effectiveness. In a managerial position, development of communication skills is an integral part for managers to build and maintain consanguinitys by employees self-concept. When expectations be known, uncertainties are reduced, outcomes can then be better predicted allowing the organization to run smoothly. To overcome conflicts and effectively inter circulate with different areas of the business, management uses communication technique to have a pleasant and productive work atmosphere. clearly def ining each positions roles and responsibilities pecks a foundation and reduces tension in the workplace. Employees feel cherished when managers actively listen to concerns and allow workers to participate in any decision-making process.This helps build a positive, parallel relationship between the manager and employee. Keeping an open mind and knowing that disagreements can occur help land to advancement of a business by realizing that management may not always be right. Innovating and strategizing are the essential competencies to focus on in order to adapt strong communication skills. A victorious innovative organization clearly explains to each employee the organizations vision, mission, purpose and each positions responsibilities.Making sure the vision is understood, trusting staff members and prioritizing meetings is a guiding light for an innovative organization. Strategizing to a fault is another critical element that allows better communication. Reflecting on the previou s year, and current year and planning for proximo years allows the organization to expand through the use of communication. Communication is the key to the success of many objectives and goals set by individuals and upper management. Recognizing each individuals personality and finding various ways to communicate is an integral part of management in any organization.

Castle Life in Medieval Times

Castle flavour in gothic TimesThe Medieval Times was an extremely rough era for many an(prenominal) great deal. The people in Medieval Europe had to work outrageously hard. Those that were considered to be common people of this time lived in really poor housing with little to no luxuries, and those of nobility lived in castles. While castle livelihood is believed to be extremely luxurious, residing in a castle during Medieval Times was very difficult.Castles have been a dominant symbol of the Medieval Era for many years and have been apply throughout history, from the Roman forts to the complex structures in the 15th century (English 158). Castles were strengthened on artificial hills ring by a moat. Those who built the castle would dig a ditch around where the castle would stand and put the skank on it to make the artificial hill (Johnson 93). When castles were first built they were do mostly of wood (Castle Architecture). The author for wood being primary(prenominal) ly used in the construction of a castle was because wood was ensnare easily in Europe, along with it being less expensive and easy to transport (Castles in the mall Ages). The early castles also had layers of clay and st angiotensin converting enzyme, this was to ensure that castles were difficult enough to hold up in a time of war (Johnson 93). However, castles soon were built with just stone because the wood was too flammable (Castle Architecture). development stone actually worked out better because this made the castles secureer than before. However, it was harder to build the castles how they desired considering stone is less pliable than wood, and this dilemma resulted in the early castles being less elegant (Castles in the Middle Ages). Since stone is very strong, if the castle was to be damaged or destroyed the materials from the castle would be used to make a new castle or repair the current one (Castle Architecture).During the times of the Medieval Era, in that loc ation were many changes in the way they did architecture to make castles stronger. Those who built the castles of the Medieval Time took the concept of arches from the Roman conglomerate and created a pointed arch to make the structure stronger. The change made the force of all the stones go downward(a) and out which locked the stones into place resulting in a very strong and beautiful castle, along with a strong foundation (Castles in the Middle Ages).When arriving to a castle, one would have to cross a moat and a drawbridge (Life in a Middle Ages Castle). Some moats were filled with pee and former(a)s filled with spikes (Johnson 94). Upon crossing the drawbridge one would come to a door which had towers on both sides (Life in a Middle Ages Castle). Theses towers were used to watch for oncoming enemies or signs of rebellion, also these towers were used to shoot enemies that might be at the opening (Johnson 93). As one enters the castle the first sight would be the courtyard whi ch is where those who live in the castle would be in times of war. Also, one would see the striking hall, the chapel, and the kitchens (Life in a Middle Ages Castle).The main part of the castle was the Great Hall (Thomas). This is where the Lord or King stayed when war was not bounty (Life in a Middle Ages Castle). The Great Hall was basically a big room with a loft ceiling. Sometimes the Hall was on the bottom floor, but for better security it was usually built on the second floor. This room was setup like a church will posts or pillars in rows supporting the roof. In order to get to the Great Hall on the second floor one would have to enter by using the outside staircase (Thomas). When on a lower floor attack, the staircase would be remote to protect those in the castle (Johnson 93). Castles in the early part of the Medieval Era were very spacious and not pleasant for those who lived indoors of the castle (Castles in the Middle Ages). The castle had small rooms, not includi ng the Great Hall, heated only by fireplaces, and also had bad ventilation (Life in a Middle Ages Castle). Eventually, the estrus by fireplaces improved greatly the fireplaces were structured to heat the jetty so that it could then warm the room and the smoke could be carried out (Thomas).The kitchen was nothing extravagant, it was made originally with wood and the food was cooked by several(prenominal) fireplaces. If there was sacking to be a big feast, extra kitchens would be setup for that feast. Today we sweet utensils in the kitchen however, in the Medieval Era utensils were not cleaned in the kitchen but outside (Thomas).The Lord and his family slept at the upper end of the Great Hall. Each bedroom usually was separated by a peck of fabric (Thomas). The bedrooms of the Lord and his family were called solars (Johnson 97). Sometimes, the Lord and his wife would have separate solars. Their rooms would have peepholes in the wall decorations so they could see what was going on in other rooms (Thomas). The grown children of the Lord did not always get their own solars a lot of times they had to share rooms with siblings, or charge servants (Johnson 94). The main items in a solar would be a wooden framed bed with springs made of ropes or leather, a feather mattress, sheets, quilts, fur coverlets, and pillows. The bed had curtains that could be pulled back in the day and close at night for privacy and for safeguard from the cold. The remaining furniture in the room was a chest, a wooden peg to hang clothes, and a couple of stools (Thomas).Castles had a central drawing point of water for washing and drinking on about every floor (Thomas). Most castles also had cisterns which would catch the pelting (Johnson 97). The cisterns would be connected to pipes and carry the water to other floors. There were also many other pipes that would envision the flow of water and carry off the waste water. People of those times would use wooden tubs surrounded by tents, f or protection, and padded cloths for comfort. The bathroom was as close to the sleeping quarters as it could be. In other words, it was an opening in the wall where waste would escape from the castle wall and secrete into a river or moat (Thomas).Castles were not only star signs for nobility, but it was also a defense mechanism against enemies (Life in a Medieval Castle The Smells and Sights of Castle Life). During this time, it was also thought if an area did not have a castle, they were going to be defeated by their enemies. This pushed many areas to build castles (Coulson 31). The ideal location for a defensively strong castle was either on rocky ground, mountain passes, isolated peninsulas, lake islands, and hills (Castle Architecture). Wherever the castle was built, consideration was interpreted as to how the land would help defend the castle (Johnson 92). These castles were built in order to control territories and thwart people from taking over important parts of land (Engl ish 159). Also, they were built to protect the peasants and the economy. However, if the area was under attack, peasants were required to bring their animals and produce to the castle. In order for these things to be safe, it was also considered a payment for the communities protection (Johnson 92). The payment was somewhat deserved it was very trying to live in a castle during times of war. Enemies would attempt to cut off water supply along with throwing things at the castle, such as, dead bodies. This would spread head disease and force them to surrender (Medieval Life).While castles can be a place of protection, castles were considered to be home for many Lords and Kings. The Great Hall was where the Lord and his family would spend a large amount of time. This hall was a place where the family, along with those invited to the castle, enjoyed some of the things vivification had to offer like dancing, plays, poetry and many other things (Life in a Medieval Castle The Smells and Sights of Castle Life). The Great Hall was also where meals were eaten. In the hall there was a large, oak, dining table and around the table were benches and stools where the guests would sit (Medieval Castle Life). The Lord and his family would be position at the head of the table on a raised dais. This symbolized that they were above everyone else (Life in a Medieval Castle The Smells and Sights of Castle Life). The dinners in the hall would usually be at five in the afternoon. It was a popular saying in the Middle Ages that to live to the age of 99 years old, you have to evoke up at five, dine at nine, have supper at five and go to bed at nine (Medieval Castle Life). Other than the banquets that would be held in the castle, there was not much to do inside but play chess, listen to music or jokes from the jester. Outside of the castle people would usually, hunt for deer, bears, and feral boars, however, the main activities were weapons training and fighting, so they could be r eady for battle. This was thought to be a great halt (Life in a Middle Ages Castle).Living during Medieval Times was a lot harder than living in todays society. Although life in a castle may not have been the most difficult life during Medieval Times, it was still not as luxurious as it is pictured to be. Protecting the community was the barter of the castle and the job of those that lived in the castle, which was why castle life was a very harsh life.

The Irrationality Of The Mathematical Constant E Mathematics Essay

The Ir balancenality Of The numerical Constant E Mathematics undertakeThis dissertation gives an account of the unlogicality of the numerical incessant. Starting with a look into the archives of absurd metrical composition game of which is a part of, dating back to the Ancient Greeks and finished to the theory female genitalia exactly wherefore is irrational.1. IntroductionIn this paper, I aim to look at some of the history and theory behind irrational takes ( in particular). It will take you through from learning the origins of irrational mos, to proving the irrationality of itself.The numeral constant is a very important and remark fit number it is some times referred to as Eulers number. It has some brisk applications in calculus, exponential growth/decay and also compound interest. One of the most(prenominal) fascinating things so far is taking the derivative of the exponential function defined. The derivative of is simply, i.e. it is its own rate of change.An i rrational number so-and-so be defined as any number that can non be written as a fragment that means to say any number that cannot be written in the phase.1.1 History of Irrational comeThe start conclusion of the existence of irrational numbers came a a few(prenominal) centuries BC, during the time when a commonplace group of mathematicians/philosophers/cultists c some(prenominal)ed Pythagoreans (after their leader and teacher Pythagoras) believed in the purity of expressions granted by numbers. They believed that anything geometric in the reality could be expressed as whole numbers and their ratios. It is believed a Pythagorean by the name Hippasus of Metapontum spy irrational numbers while investigating squargon topics of prime numbers he prove that he could not represent the square root of 2 as a fraction. Bringing his findings to his mentors (Pythagoras) forethought brought the death sentence upon himself. As story has it, Pythagoras (who believed in the absoluten ess of numbers) had him drowned to death.According to Plato (a prominent Greek philosopher and mathematician 428/427 BC 348/347 BC), the irrationality of the surds of whole numbers up to 17 was proved by Theodorus of Cyrene. It is understood that Theodorus stopped at the square root of 17 c wholeable to the algebra be intentd failing.It wasnt until Eudoxus (a student of Plato) that a strong mathematical ensnareation of irrational numbers was produced. His theory on proportion, taking into account irrational and rational ratio featured in Euclids Elements Book V.The sixteenth to nineteenth century saw negative, integral and decimal fraction fractions with the late notation being use by most mathematicians. The nineteenth century was particularly important in the history of irrational numbers as they had astronomically been ignored since the time of Euclid. The resurgence in the scientific study of irrationals was brought upon by the need to complete the theory of complex numbe rs.An important advancement in the limpid foundation of calculus was the construction of the real numbers using set theory. The construction of the real numbers represented the joint efforts of many mathematicians amongst them were Dedekind, Cantor and Weierstrass. Irrational numbers were finally defined in 1872 by H.C.R. Mray, his definition being basically the same as Cantor suggested in the same stratum (which made use of convergent sequences of real numbers).Leonhard Euler paid particular attention to continued fractions and in 1737 was able to use them to be the commencement ceremony to prove the irrationality of and. It took another 23 years for the irrationality of to be proved, of which was accredited to Eulers colleague Lambert.The nineteenth century brought about a change in the way mathematicians viewed irrational numbers. In 1844 Joseph Liouville established the existence of otherworldly numbers, though it was 7 years later when he gave the basic decimal example such as his Liouville constant.Charles Hermite in 1973 was the first person to prove that was a transcendental number. victimisation Hemites conclusions Ferdinand von Lindemann was able to say the same for in 1882.1.2 History of the Mathematical ConstantThe number first arrived into mathematics in 1618, where a table in an appendix to work published by nates Napier and his work on logarithms were found to contain natural logarithms of various numbers. The table did not contain the constant itself only a list of natural logarithms calculated from the constant. Though the table had no name of an author, it is extremely as totaled to bugger off been the work of an English mathematician, William Oughtred.Surprisingly the discovery of the constant itself came not from studying logarithms moreover from the study of compound interest. In 1683 Jacob Bernoulli examined continuous compound interest by trying to find the specialize of as tends to infinity. Bernoulli managed to show that the see of the compare had to lie between 2 and 3, and hence could be considered to be the first approximation of.1690 saw the constant first being used in a proportionateness from Gottfried Leibniz to Christiaan Huygens it was represented at the time by the letter. The notation of using the letter however came about due to Euler and made its first appearance in a letter he wrote to Goldbach in 17318. Euler published all the ideas surrounding in his work Introductio in Analysin infinitorum (1748). Within this work he approximated the value of to 18 decimal placesThe latest accurate account of is to 1,000,000,000,000 decimal places and was calculated by Shigeru Kondo Alexander J. Yee in July 2010.1.3 A few representations of ecan be defined by the detain(1)By the infinite series(2) excess case of the Euler formula(3)Where when,(4)2. The certaintys2.1 Proving the infinite series of eIn proof 2.2.2 we will use the point that(5)As this paper dedicated to, it would be useful to k r ight away where this equality comes from.The answer lies in the Maclaurin series (Taylor series expansion of a function centred at 0).(6)Let our, and we have that all derivatives of is equal to We forthwith have that.(7)We now let and we have equation (5).2.2 The irrationality of e and its powers.Continued fractions are nigh related to irrational numbers and in 1937 Leonhard Euler used this link and was able to prove the irrationality of and. The most general form of a continued fraction takes the form(6)Due to the complexity that can purloin in using the format in equation (6), mathematicians have adopted a more expedient notation of writing simple continued fractions. We have that can be expressed in the succeeding(a) bearing(7)With the use of continued fractions it is relatively easy to show that the expansion of any rational number is finite. So it is obvious to note that all you would have to do to prove that a given number is irrational, would be to show its regular exp ansion not be finite. utilise this tool we will now show the Eulers expansion forWe have(8) par (8) shows, we now invert the fractional part(9)Here we have, erst again we invert the fractional part(10)Hence, we continue in the same way to produce(11)So.(12)So.(13)So.(14)So.(15)So.(16)So.Using the figures above provides the following allow for(17)Observing equation (17) allows us to notice pattern and we can show this by re-writing in the following way(18)Clearly it seems that the sequence will clearly increase and never terminate. Similarly Euler shows this in other examples using.(19)Equation (19) shows an arithmetic increase by 4 each time from the number 6 and onwards.Noticeably equation (18) and (19) do not provide proof that is irrational and are merely just observations. However Euler uses his previous work on infinitesimal calculus, which then proves this sequence is infinite. The proof that Euler uses is very long and complicated as it involves transforming continued frac tions into a ratio of power series, which in turns becomes a differential equation of that he can transform into the Ricatti equation he needs.Since Eulers time mathematicians have found far more manageable and direct ways in proving the irrationality of.2.2.1 Proving the irrationality of e enchantment Euler was the first to establish a proof of the irrationality of using infinite continued fractions, we will use Fouriers (1815) idea of using infinite series to prove more directly. confirmationDefining the termsUsing the Maclaurin series expansion we have(20)Now lets define to be a partial sum of(21)For we first write the inequality(22)Equation (22) has to be positive as we adduced to be the partial sum of, which is the infinite sum.Now well find the upper limit of equation (22)(23)Taking out a factor of(24)Now as we are looking for an upper limit, we need an equation greater than equation (24)(25)We take note that the terms in the square bracket in equation (25) for the upper lim it is a geometric series with.Right hand Side (RHS) of equation (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)We have(30)Multiply through by(31)Now lets assume i.e. is rational.Using the substitution implies(32)Now by expanding the RHS gives us the following result(33)(34)We note the followingis an integer., this implies that divides into and hence is an integer.Each term within the square bracket is an integer we neck that can be divided by and upwards to and produce integer values.Therefore as all terms are integers, we have(35)where is an integer value.Observe that by choosing any we have and furthermore.Using equation (31) we now obtain the following result(36)(37)Equation (37) implies is not an integer.This is a contradiction to the result obtained in 1) and so therefore is proven to be irrational.2.2.2 Proving the irrationality of eaProof 2.1 successfully shows how is irrational however, the proof is not strong enough to show the irrationality of. Using an example, we have the as a completen irration al number, whose square is not.In order to show all integer powers (except zero) of are irrationals, we need a mo more calculus and an idea tracking back to Charles Hermite where the key is located in the following lemma.ProofLemma For some fixed, let(38)The function is a polynomial of the form, where the coefficientsare integers.For we haveThe derivatives and are integers for allProof (see appendix)Theorem 2 is irrational for any integer.ProofTake to be rational, where is a non-zero rational number. Let with non-zero integers and. being rational implies that is rational. This is a contradiction to theorem 2 and hence is irrational.Assume where are integers, and let be deep enough that.State, (39)where is the function of the lemma.Note that can also be written in the form of an infinite sum as we see that any higher derivatives where for vanishes.We now want to obtain a first order linear equation using equation (39). We start by differentiating(40)Now from observation we see tha t by multiplying equation (39) by and then eliminating the first term we end up with equation (40).(41)Equation (41) takes the form our required first order linear equation, which is solved in the following mannerFirst re-write in the standard form(42)Next we find the integrating factor to multiply to both sides of the equation(43)From equation (43) we now have the following equation(44)(45)Note the limit runs as stated in of the lemma.We now manipulate equation (45) by multiplying by so that we can apply of the lemma.(46)(47)We have that , so thereforeand hence(48)As is just a polynomial containing integer values multiplying derivatives of, we can state using of the lemma that is an integer.Part of the lemma states . With this we can now estimate the range that lies within.Firstly we know that is a positive value and hence. For the upper limit we have(49)Note that to find the upper limit we eliminate the integral and substitute the upper bounds for and.From before we have and also that we took n large enough so that, which can be re-written , which implies the following(50)(51)Equation (51) states that cannot be an integer and hence contradicts Equation (48). Therefore we have that is proven to be irrational.3. Further WorkFollowing on and further proving the irrationality of, would be to prove that is a transcendental number.Irrational numbers can be split into two categories algebraic and transcendental hence transcendental numbers are numbers that are not algebraic. algebraic numbers are defined as any number that can be written as the root of an equation of the form. A minimal polynomial is achieved when is the smallest degree possible for a given. The square root of 2 is an example of an irrational number, but also it is an algebraic number of degree 2, of which the minimal polynomial is simply.Euler in the late 18th century was the first person to define transcendental numbers, but the proof of their existence only came around in the papers of Liouvi lles in 1844 and 1851.The number was the first important mathematical constant to be proven transcendental and was done so by Charles Hermite in 1873. The techniques Hermite used influenced many future mathematical works including the first proof of being transcendental by Ferdinand von Lindemann also used in the creation of the Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem.Further work on transcendental numbers involving can be silent seen today. Mathematicians knowis a transcendental number, but as of yet have not been able to prove this.4. findingOverall, the main objective of this paper was to give an account of the irrationality of. This has been achieved and with it we have been able to see the feeler from the first discovery of irrational numbers by the Pythagoreans of Ancient Greek, through to the work covered on Eulers number.ReferencesWebpage mental imagerysCook, Z. (2000), Irrational Numbers, The Guide to Life, The Universe and Everything, BBC Online. functional http//www.bbc.co.uk/ dna/h2g2/A455852, Accessed sixth January 2011.OConnor, J.J and Robertson, E.F. (1999), Theodorus of Cyrene Online. Available http//www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Theodorus.html, Accessed sixth January 2011.OConnor, J.J and Robertson, E.F. (1999), Eudoxus of Cnidus Online. Available http//www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Eudoxus.html, Accessed sixth January 2011.OConnor, J.J and Robertson, E.F. (2001), The number e, Number Theory Online. Available http//www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/HistTopics/e.html, Accessed 6th January 2011.Russel, D. (2002), Hippasus Expelled, Irrational Pythagoreans Online. Available http//math.about.com/library/blpyth.htm, Accessed 6th January 2011.Sondow, J and Weisstein, E.W. e. MathWorldA Wolfram Web Resource Online. Available http//mathworld.wolfram.com/e.html, Accessed 6th January 2011.Weisstein, E.W. Irrational Number, MathWorldA Wolfram Web Resource Online. Available http//mathworld.wolfram.com/IrrationalNumber.html, Accessed 6th January.Yee, A.J. (2010), e, Mathematical Constants Billions of Digits Online. Available http//www.numberworld.org/digits/E/, Accessed 6th January 2011.Zongju, L. Shuxue Lishi Diangu (Historical Stories in Mathematics), Chiu Chang Publishing Company Online. Available http//db.math.ust.hk/articles/calculus/e_calculus.htm, Accessed 6th January 2011.Arithmetic Sequences and Series, Arizona State University Online. Available http//fym.la.asu.edu/tturner/MAT_117_online/SequenceAndSeries/Geometric_Sequences.htm, Accessed 6th January 2011.Online PDF ResourcesCollins, DC. Continued Fractions, Online. Available http//www-math.mit.edu/phase2/UJM/vol1/COLLIN1.PDF, Accessed 6th January 2011.Conrad, K. (2005), Irrationality of, Online. Available http//www.math.uconn.edu/kconrad/math121/121piande.pdf, Accessed 6th January 2011.Field, B. (2010), Irrational and Transcendental Numbers, page 23 Online. Available http//maths.dur.ac.uk/Ug/projects/library/CM3/0910/CM3_BenField.pdf, Accessed 6th Januar y 2011.Sandifer, E. (2006), Who proved e is irrational?, How Euler Did it Online. Available http//www.maa.org/editorial/euler/How%20Euler%20Did%20It%2028%20e%20is%20irrational.pdf Accessed 6th January 2011.Online Video ResourcesAdams, C, Garrity, T and Burger, E. (2006), Pi verses e, The Mathematical Association of the States Online. Available http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=whpAX30vjoE, Accessed 6th January 2011Delaware, R. A Proof e is irrational, Proof, University of second Online. Available http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtIL7nGgDNM, Accessed 6th January 2011.Book ResourcesAigner, M and Ziegler, G.M. Proofs from THE BOOK, Third Edition, Berlin Springer, 2004.Dorrie, H and Translated by Antin, D. carbon Great Problems of Elementary Mathematics, THERE HISTORY AND SOLUTION, New York Dover Publications, Inc., 1965.Sandifer, C.E. The early mathematics of Leonhard Euler, USA The Mathematical Association of America (Incorporated), 2007.